Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ to control the flow with your people,how many would you need, assuming; cost was no object ?Mr. Ingersoll. Man for man, our agents overseas are more i^roductivethan they are in the United States.Mr. Steiger. In seizures ?Mr. Ingersoll. As far as seizures are concerned ;yes, sir.Mr. Steiger. Also, they are exposed to more traffic.Mr. Ingersoll. Tliey are right in the middle of the traffic. I shouldthink that we could adequately justify putting agents in the area numberingin the hundreds, again depending on the degree of cooperationthat we receive from the host government. Of course, at the present timewe could not support many more agents in the area.Mr. Steiger. I understand, but you could effectively use many timesthis number of agents, many times the 15, and in line with the chairman'sline of questioning in which we are dealing with a problem thatrepresents a $3.5 billion cost to the Government, it would seem that weare indeed being pennywise and pound-foolish in these areas.Have you asked for more money so that you can put more peopleat this particular source of the drug?Mr. Ingersoll. Yes. Mr. Steiger, in the last 2 years or so that wehave been operating the new Bureau of Narcotics and DangerousDrugs, we have had to deal with our problems in a priority order."We started off with about 500 agents. Todav, or nt least bythe end of June, we will have in tlie neighborhood of 1,300agents. This has been a substantial growth in a law enforcement agencythat deals with a very complicated, complex, technical kind of a problem.There is a question of training, there is the matter of experience,supporting staff, equipment, space, and so on.In this fiscal year alone Congress authorized some 450 new agentpositions. In the preceding 2 j^ears we increased by 100 and 150,respectively.We have handled this large increase without diluting the effectivenessof the main body of agents. During fiscal 1972 we have to settledown, give the agents advance training, develop our supervisory staff,and so on. In the years coming we are going to continue to ask for largeincremental increases until we are better able to handle the problem.Mr. Steiger. The problem, then, is not only a money problem, butit is also simply a pragmatic problem, structuring, and so fo7-th.Mr. Ingersoll. There is no pool of professional people that we candraw from to do this work. We have to select, train, and develop themourselves.Mr. Steiger. One last question. In response to the chairman's inquiryabout the kind of structuring of the trade in the Far East, youmentioned that it appeared to be at best a very loose organization madeup mainly of ethnic Chinese. In the transport from Singapore, PlongKong, and the other international markets of the finished product, orsemifinished product, do we find the same general organizational effortin the United States in bringing it into the United States that we doin bringing in the Turkish product? Is organized crime involved? Arethe same general people involved in financing it and transporting itas they do the Turkish product from France ?
363Mr, Ingersoll. No, sir. This particular traffic, which I might sayis still a very small proportion of the heroin traffic into the UnitedStates, is composed largely of independent groups of people.Some of them, many of them as a matter of fact, are ex-servicemenvvho have got back out to the Far East to deal in this and other formsof conti-aband traffic.Mr. Steiger. So that the organized crime traffic in heroin is primarilysustained from the Turkish source and not from this Far Eastsource at this point ?Mr. Ingersoll. Yes ; except that I should also mention that there aremore people than just those who we traditionally classify as membersof organized crime involved in this traffic as well. There is a good dealof competitive effort and dispersion of efforts.]\lr. Steiger. You are talking about the total picture ?Mr.lNGERSOLL. Ycs, sir. I mean Europe, as well.Mr. Steiger. Yes.Mr. Ingersoll. The producers of heroin in Europe will sell to anybodywho has the money, and more and more people have made contactwith them and are providing the money. So it is not restricted tojust one identifiable group.Mr. Steiger. Thank you.Thank you, Mr. Chairman.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Brasco.Mr. Brasco. I am sorry I was late, Mr. Chairman, but I had to attendanother hearing.Mr. Ingersoll, several weeks ago I had the opportunity to sit at aninformal meeting of Members of Congress from the Queens area inNew York, in which we heard a number of representatives of differentveterans organizations complain about this growing number ofservicemen who are becoming addicted to heroin, drug abusers in general.There was a representative of the Department of Defense, whosename I can't recall at this time, but at that point the veterans organizationshad some people with them who were talking a figure of ashigh as 70 percent in terms of hard-core addiction and ranging ondown to abuse of other substances, other than heroin.The Department of Defense individual, as I recall, said the figurewas something like 35 to 40 percent.I am wondering whether or not your trip could shed any light onthis point as to whether we know how many of our servicemen arebecoming involved as drug abusers in Vietnam or in the SoutheastAsia area.jMr. Ingersoll. I am dependent, Mr. Brasco, on Department of Defenseinformation as far as servicemen are concerned, and in my mostrecent trip I really didn't focus on marihuana abuse and matters ofthat nature. I was immediately, and almost exclusively, concernedwith the growing heroin problem.Our military officials in Vietnam have conducted surveys which atdifferent periods of time report different things. As I recall, the lastgeneral kind of survey like this was in the high forties—48, 49 percent.The abuse problem varies as to age, as to rank, length of time in thecountry, and a variety of other factors. For example, these surveysreport no heroin use among officers, even junior officers, but they do
- Page 332 and 333: .320in Permanent Cure of Narcotic A
- Page 334 and 335: 322!(4) '-Modification of Adaptatio
- Page 336 and 337: 324sections of the country, all sor
- Page 338 and 339: ;Mr.Pertto.niuch,I?,Mr. Peritq. Tha
- Page 340 and 341: 328Chairman Pepper. Mr. Steiger.Mr.
- Page 342 and 343: , Mr., In''wMr, WiNx.nltiiink tlie
- Page 344 and 345: :332"Stomach cramps" were found to
- Page 346 and 347: 'i.We334'""^li'anTOanl^ETPPEiL That
- Page 348 and 349: :))))336would be deprived of any cl
- Page 350 and 351: 338less abuse liability than agents
- Page 353 and 354: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 355 and 356: CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
- Page 357 and 358: :•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
- Page 359: :lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
- Page 362 and 363: 342have no desire to preempt the au
- Page 364 and 365: 344We hope these hearings will prov
- Page 366 and 367: 346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
- Page 368 and 369: 348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
- Page 370 and 371: 350I would also point out as I did
- Page 372 and 373: 352their farmers who have been grow
- Page 374 and 375: 354told that much of the insurgency
- Page 376 and 377: 356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
- Page 378 and 379: 358jority of the heroin problem in
- Page 380 and 381: 360years, but I have been frustrate
- Page 384 and 385: 364report marihuana among junior gr
- Page 386 and 387: 366And it seems to me tliat we Avou
- Page 388 and 389: ?368effectively, then maybe we will
- Page 390 and 391: 370improvement as far as the abilit
- Page 392 and 393: 372was there. Your visits probably
- Page 394 and 395: 374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
- Page 396 and 397: :376administrations to publicly say
- Page 398 and 399: 378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
- Page 400 and 401: 380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
- Page 402 and 403: :382can fulfill the vow made by the
- Page 404 and 405: 384have to give you the same answer
- Page 406 and 407: 386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
- Page 408 and 409: 388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
- Page 411 and 412: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 413 and 414: -39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
- Page 415 and 416: 395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
- Page 417 and 418: 397Naloxone, recently approved for
- Page 419 and 420: 399for example, who might be abusin
- Page 421 and 422: 401Now, because of our attention ha
- Page 423 and 424: 403and this is only for the investi
- Page 425 and 426: 405effects this drug will produce i
- Page 427 and 428: 407Now, if it is not used intravene
- Page 429 and 430: 409Mr. Wiggins. Dr. Jennings, does
- Page 431 and 432: 411Penicillin is good for pneumonia
362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ to control the flow with your people,how many would you need, assuming; cost was no object ?Mr. Ingersoll. Man for man, our agents overseas are more i^roductivethan they are in the United States.Mr. Steiger. In seizures ?Mr. Ingersoll. As far as seizures are concerned ;yes, sir.Mr. Steiger. Also, they are exposed to more traffic.Mr. Ingersoll. Tliey are right in the middle of the traffic. I shouldthink that we could adequately justify putting agents in the area numberingin the hundreds, again depending on the degree of cooperationthat we receive from the host government. Of course, at the present timewe could not support many more agents in the area.Mr. Steiger. I underst<strong>and</strong>, but you could effectively use many timesthis number of agents, many times the 15, <strong>and</strong> in line with the chairman'sline of questioning in which we are dealing with a problem thatrepresents a $3.5 billion cost to the Government, it would seem that weare indeed being pennywise <strong>and</strong> pound-foolish in these areas.Have you asked for more money so that you can put more peopleat this particular source of the drug?Mr. Ingersoll. Yes. Mr. Steiger, in the last 2 years or so that wehave been operating the new Bureau of <strong>Narcotics</strong> <strong>and</strong> DangerousDrugs, we have had to deal with our problems in a priority order."We started off with about 500 agents. Todav, or nt least bythe end of June, we will have in tlie neighborhood of 1,300agents. This has been a substantial growth in a law enforcement agencythat deals with a very complicated, complex, technical kind of a problem.There is a question of training, there is the matter of experience,supporting staff, equipment, space, <strong>and</strong> so on.In this fiscal year alone Congress authorized some 450 new agentpositions. In the preceding 2 j^ears we increased by 100 <strong>and</strong> 150,respectively.We have h<strong>and</strong>led this large increase without diluting the effectivenessof the main body of agents. During fiscal 1972 we have to settledown, give the agents advance training, develop our supervisory staff,<strong>and</strong> so on. In the years coming we are going to continue to ask for largeincremental increases until we are better able to h<strong>and</strong>le the problem.Mr. Steiger. The problem, then, is not only a money problem, butit is also simply a pragmatic problem, structuring, <strong>and</strong> so fo7-th.Mr. Ingersoll. There is no pool of professional people that we c<strong>and</strong>raw from to do this work. We have to select, train, <strong>and</strong> develop themourselves.Mr. Steiger. One last question. In response to the chairman's inquiryabout the kind of structuring of the trade in the Far East, youmentioned that it appeared to be at best a very loose organization madeup mainly of ethnic Chinese. In the transport from Singapore, PlongKong, <strong>and</strong> the other international markets of the finished product, orsemifinished product, do we find the same general organizational effortin the United States in bringing it into the United States that we doin bringing in the Turkish product? Is organized crime involved? Arethe same general people involved in financing it <strong>and</strong> transporting itas they do the Turkish product from France ?
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