Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
350I would also point out as I did in my statement, that there are manypeople who have no affiliation with a recognized government who areequally involved and in many cases the central government has absolutelyno control or at least no desire to control those groups of people.There is a definite relationship.Chairman Pepper. In general, we are giving military and economicaid to the governments where that type of corruption appears ; are wenot?Mr. Ingersoll. Yes, sir.Chairman Pepper. Does it seem that we could not put more pressureon them? If we are going to continue to give them our military andeconomic aid, do you think it would be effective if we put more pressureon them to insist that they try to curb this operation that is contributingso much to the detriment of this country ?Mr. IxGERsoT.L. I think that would be effective and I can report toyou, sir, that more pressure is being put on. There is a tremendousamount of activity regarding the problem on the part of all of ourmissions in Soutlieast Asia at this time.Chairman Pepper. It would seem to me, since we have such a closerelationship to, for example. South Vietnam, that we might insist theyallow us to put customs inspectors or some of your agents in therewith theirs to try to stop this smuggling.Mr. Ingersoll. As a matter of fact, we have customs advisers inVietnam ?nd the Bureau of Customs has just added to that force inthe last couple of weeks and I am adding personnel to our representationthere as well.The problem in the past has been that we have not had the properresponse from the customs of South Vietnam, and again, I can reportto you that in the past few weeks there has been a tremendous shakeupof the South Vietnamese Customs Service and I think that we have towatch what happens as a result of this.Chairman Pepper. Well, I would think that in dealing with thosepeople, giving them all the aid that we are giving them, that we wouldbe justifiocl in taking a very strong position in respect to those governments.They are prostituting, perverting our own men who we sendover there to help them, and they are sending a stream of opium tocontaminate our citizenry back to this country. It seems to me wewould be justified in taking a very hard and firm line with thosegovernments and seeing to it, if we have to participate in the enforcementprogram, that they do enforce these restrictions against bringingopium into this country.Mr. Ingersoll. We have done that and we are continuing to do so."\^Tien I visited with President Thieu and the Prime Minister I wasaccompanied by Ambassador Bunker and General Abrams and thethree of us together were as forceful as I think anybody possibly canbe on the highest officials of that government.Chairman Pepper. I notice you said here with respect to Laos thatsome of the Royal Laotian Armed Forces were protecting some ofthese people. Do you find high officials in South Vietnam and some ofthese other oounti-ies involved either in protecting or participating inthese movements ?Mr. Ingersoll. I think it is questionable as to whether there are veryhigh officials involved. I think that it would be at an operating level or
351at a functionary level for the most part. For example, one member ofthe South Vietnamese Legislature was apprehended coming into TonSon Nhut with a quantity of heroin and he is still in custody. I doubtwhether ])olicymakers are involved.I should also point out that in Laos, opium production and distributionis not restricted by law at the present time. TJiere is no law thatspeaks to this in any respect. A law is in the drafting stage. It wasto have been introduced into the legislature about 2 weeks ago, but Ido not know whether it has passed or not. The Laotian Governmentconsulted with us on this and we made some suggestions which wouldfurther strengthen it.In the meantime, the Laotian national police have made someseizures, extra legally, and I think this indicates a willingness or anagreement that the government will support us. But I have to pointout again, sir, that the Government of Laos is not in control of all ofits territory. It is not even in complete control of some of the peoplewho work for it, presumably.Chairman Pepper. Well, now, you referred also to Burma andThailand, I believe, where there were areas that were not under thecontrol of the government, where the opium poppy is produced andfrom which opium is smuggled to outside areas.Have we offered to help them gain control over those areas? "V\^iathas been the response to our offer ?INIr. IxGEPtSOLL. Let me take them in order and start with Burma first,if I may. Burma, as you know, is a nonalined nation and particularlyit resists any effort, or any indication of being influenced by either theUnited States or the U.S.S.R. We have no assistance programs exceptone small one which is almost complete. We have very little economicor other transactions with Burma.When I visited Burma, I was wearing my hat as U.S. representativeto the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs and I was reallytrying to sell those officials on accepting United Nations programs.The results were frustrating and disappointing in Burma and Ishould also repeat again that Burma is a major producer of opium inthat part of the world. The best that I could get from them was aresponse that they would consider a visit by the United NationsSecretariat on this matter.Chairman Pepper. What about Thailand ?Mr. Ingersoll. In Thailand, where we have assistance programs, itwas agreed that we would develop a joint working arrangement sothat we could deal with the problem on two fronts. The Thai Governmentis extremely interested in improving the life and the economyof the hill tribes "that produce most of the opium, by converting themfrom opium producers to the production of other crops or other waysof earning a living. This is a long range kind of a program which, inmy judgment, is going to take a generation, or two, or three to achieve.I suggested at the same time we might work together in interdictingthe traffic dealing with the problem at hand, the immediate problem,and it was agreed at that time that we would work out a joint programtogether.Chairman Pepper. If we were to offer, through a concert of nationsto the countries where opium is produced, a program under which
- Page 320 and 321: 308EESULTSStudies concerning tlie p
- Page 322 and 323: 310The method derives from a specia
- Page 324 and 325: 312Why is this happening? What need
- Page 326 and 327: m)effective with uncured alcoholics
- Page 328 and 329: I316Casriel, who is medical-psychia
- Page 330 and 331: 318resort to heroin. One must not f
- Page 332 and 333: .320in Permanent Cure of Narcotic A
- Page 334 and 335: 322!(4) '-Modification of Adaptatio
- Page 336 and 337: 324sections of the country, all sor
- Page 338 and 339: ;Mr.Pertto.niuch,I?,Mr. Peritq. Tha
- Page 340 and 341: 328Chairman Pepper. Mr. Steiger.Mr.
- Page 342 and 343: , Mr., In''wMr, WiNx.nltiiink tlie
- Page 344 and 345: :332"Stomach cramps" were found to
- Page 346 and 347: 'i.We334'""^li'anTOanl^ETPPEiL That
- Page 348 and 349: :))))336would be deprived of any cl
- Page 350 and 351: 338less abuse liability than agents
- Page 353 and 354: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 355 and 356: CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
- Page 357 and 358: :•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
- Page 359: :lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
- Page 362 and 363: 342have no desire to preempt the au
- Page 364 and 365: 344We hope these hearings will prov
- Page 366 and 367: 346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
- Page 368 and 369: 348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
- Page 372 and 373: 352their farmers who have been grow
- Page 374 and 375: 354told that much of the insurgency
- Page 376 and 377: 356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
- Page 378 and 379: 358jority of the heroin problem in
- Page 380 and 381: 360years, but I have been frustrate
- Page 382 and 383: 362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ t
- Page 384 and 385: 364report marihuana among junior gr
- Page 386 and 387: 366And it seems to me tliat we Avou
- Page 388 and 389: ?368effectively, then maybe we will
- Page 390 and 391: 370improvement as far as the abilit
- Page 392 and 393: 372was there. Your visits probably
- Page 394 and 395: 374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
- Page 396 and 397: :376administrations to publicly say
- Page 398 and 399: 378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
- Page 400 and 401: 380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
- Page 402 and 403: :382can fulfill the vow made by the
- Page 404 and 405: 384have to give you the same answer
- Page 406 and 407: 386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
- Page 408 and 409: 388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
- Page 411 and 412: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 413 and 414: -39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
- Page 415 and 416: 395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
- Page 417 and 418: 397Naloxone, recently approved for
- Page 419 and 420: 399for example, who might be abusin
350I would also point out as I did in my statement, that there are manypeople who have no affiliation with a recognized government who areequally involved <strong>and</strong> in many cases the central government has absolutelyno control or at least no desire to control those groups of people.There is a definite relationship.Chairman Pepper. In general, we are giving military <strong>and</strong> economicaid to the governments where that type of corruption appears ; are wenot?Mr. Ingersoll. Yes, sir.Chairman Pepper. Does it seem that we could not put more pressureon them? If we are going to continue to give them our military <strong>and</strong>economic aid, do you think it would be effective if we put more pressureon them to insist that they try to curb this operation that is contributingso much to the detriment of this country ?Mr. IxGERsoT.L. I think that would be effective <strong>and</strong> I can report toyou, sir, that more pressure is being put on. There is a tremendousamount of activity regarding the problem on the part of all of ourmissions in Soutlieast Asia at this time.Chairman Pepper. It would seem to me, since we have such a closerelationship to, for example. South Vietnam, that we might insist theyallow us to put customs inspectors or some of your agents in therewith theirs to try to stop this smuggling.Mr. Ingersoll. As a matter of fact, we have customs advisers inVietnam ?nd the Bureau of Customs has just added to that force inthe last couple of weeks <strong>and</strong> I am adding personnel to our representationthere as well.The problem in the past has been that we have not had the properresponse from the customs of South Vietnam, <strong>and</strong> again, I can reportto you that in the past few weeks there has been a tremendous shakeupof the South Vietnamese Customs Service <strong>and</strong> I think that we have towatch what happens as a result of this.Chairman Pepper. Well, I would think that in dealing with thosepeople, giving them all the aid that we are giving them, that we wouldbe justifiocl in taking a very strong position in respect to those governments.They are prostituting, perverting our own men who we sendover there to help them, <strong>and</strong> they are sending a stream of opium tocontaminate our citizenry back to this country. It seems to me wewould be justified in taking a very hard <strong>and</strong> firm line with thosegovernments <strong>and</strong> seeing to it, if we have to participate in the enforcementprogram, that they do enforce these restrictions against bringingopium into this country.Mr. Ingersoll. We have done that <strong>and</strong> we are continuing to do so."\^Tien I visited with President Thieu <strong>and</strong> the Prime Minister I wasaccompanied by Ambassador Bunker <strong>and</strong> General Abrams <strong>and</strong> thethree of us together were as forceful as I think anybody possibly canbe on the highest officials of that government.Chairman Pepper. I notice you said here with respect to Laos thatsome of the Royal Laotian Armed Forces were protecting some ofthese people. Do you find high officials in South Vietnam <strong>and</strong> some ofthese other oounti-ies involved either in protecting or participating inthese movements ?Mr. Ingersoll. I think it is questionable as to whether there are veryhigh officials involved. I think that it would be at an operating level or
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