Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
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Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...

Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...

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12.07.2015 Views

100Chairman Pepper. Mr, Waldie, do you have a question?Mr. Waldie. Well, Mr. Chairman, I am intruding in a conversationthat has already occurred, but it seems to me that to invest any greatsums of money in surveying that area of the globe where opiimi isbeing grown is moving to the problem in the wrong way. We knowwhere opium is being grown. It is being grown in Laos. It is beinggrown in Burma. It is being grown in Turkey.It has not been a problem of identifying where the fields are. It isgetting those who grow the opium to curtail production of it. Theirfailure to curtail production has not been a failure on their part toidentify where it is being grown.It would seem to me that money ought to be spent, first, to getwillingness on the part of the governments that own the land onwhich the opium is being grown to embark upon a program of eradicationand then, perhaps, to a system in identifying the areas in whicheradication is necessary.I don't think there is any problem of identifying Laotian opium.It is participated in by the Laotian Government. They are profitingfrom it. Burma opium crops are not any secret ; neither are the Turkeyopium crops. I just am not quite certain why we would invest anymoney in aerial surveillance to determine where the fields are that aregrowing opium at this point.Chairman Pepper. I think, perhaps, you didn't get the assumption.Mr. Jaffe would you state what the assumption was upon which yourecommend the use of these detection devices for growing poppyfields ?Mr. Jaffe. First of all, the idea that there is no one route, there isnot lust one thing that needs to be done and that the aerial surveillanceof the opium fits into a total scheme of things which would includesuch things as international agreements, which would then have to beenforced, and violations of that treaty would have to be detected.From there we get to the aerial surveillance. That is one route, to getto the aerial surveillance.But it is within the total scheme of things, we think, that aerial surveillanceplays a part. I would agree that in the case of Laos there maybe no, or very little reason to want to know where each field isprecisely.But I think the reasons in Turkey and other countries that arecloser and friendly, the reasons become somewhat more compelling.It is one thing to have an agreement from them to limit the growth ofopium. It is another thing to be sure that it is actually happening andto know where it is and isn't happening.It is in that context that we propose to use it.Chairman Pepper. Gentlemen, if I understand it, you surmise, as didAssistant Secretary of the Treasury Rossides. that the bringing in ofheroin to this country is effectuated largely by an international conspiracyof people who are perpetrating that crime in order to makehundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars, a year. They are ruthless,they are well organized, they are ably directed.In other words, it is a criminal conspiracy of great magnitude.You are suggesting that if we are to be effective against that kindof an international conspiracy to bring opium into this country anddistribute it we must employ or we should, to be most effective, employthe most modwn techniques and the most comprehensive program fordealing with it ; is that the theme of your statement ?

101Mr. Jaffe. I think it is a very precise statement of the case.Chairman Pepper. Thank you very much.Have you anything for the record, Mr. Perito ?Mr. Perito. Yes, Mr. Chairman.May we place in the record the supplemental statement and curriculumvitae of Mr. Jaffe; also, the prepared statement of Mr. WilliamS. Ulrich, which was unfortunately omitted from our New York hearings,but relates to the statements made by Mr. Jaffe, Dr. Yondorf,and Mr. Hoi den.Chairman Pepper. Without objection, they will be received.(The material referred to follows:)[Exhibit No. 8(a)]Supplemental Statement of David Jatfe,Department Staff, MITRE Corp.The suggested research and development program consists of five major parts.In what follows, each part is further defined in terms of tasks, products, andprobable cost. The cost estimates are related to performance periods, asappropriate.The structure of these efforts is highly variable, and the corresponding performanceperiod and cost will be sensitive functions of the approach selected.A conservative approach can be taken in which ideas are investigated one at atime, or a redundant program can involve several simultaneous efforts with thesame objective. The cost estimates given below are for conservative approaches.They are subject to considerable flexibility and interpretation and should betaken as gross values appropriate only for initial planning.(1) Surveillance of Opium Poppy CropsAn initial experiment would establish the basis for assembly of test apparatus.After evaluation of the test gear, designs would be finalized and prototype equipment,suitable for aircraft-bome operation, would be constructed and tested.Culminating in delivery of the prototype instrument with operating procedures,this effort might cost about $2.5 million and take 1 to 2 years. The prototypeinstrument would be suitable for use by operational agencies in verifying functionalutility and in specifying future procurements.Satellite observations would at first make use of data from available instruments.Only then could the possible need for special hardware be determined.Depending on the results of initial experimentation, this project could costbetween $500,000 and $2 million. The lower figure presumes ability to use availabledata ; the higher one would be the cost of a special instrument packagesuitable for flight on a satellite.(2) Tracer TechnologyThis effort would consist of identifying tracer materials which could be usedin a variety of operational situations. Contracts would be let to chemical researchfirms to develop specific tracers which would be subjected to tests for susceptibilityto detection and countermeasures. The product of this effort would berecommendations to the enforcement agencies for use of a variety of tracers.Costs are estimated at $1.5 million over a 2- to 3-year period.(3) Sensor TechnologyTechniques known to be capable of identifying heroin would be rated as totheir potential for meeting the constraints of the operational situations. Contractswould be let for redesign of the two best possibilities and for tests oftechniques which might prove to be applicable. Prototypes of the most promisingdesigns would be constructed, tested, and made available to enforcement agencies.A continuing effort would be devoted to finding additional useful concepts anddesigns. In a 5-year period, it is expected that three or four prototypes wouldbe completed at a total cost of about $4 million.(4) Data HandlingA computerized data bank would be designed using information on all facetsof illicit drug production, distribution, use, and control. Information to be includedwould be determined by the operational requirements of the enforcement

101Mr. Jaffe. I think it is a very precise statement of the case.Chairman Pepper. Thank you very much.Have you anything for the record, Mr. Perito ?Mr. Perito. Yes, Mr. Chairman.May we place in the record the supplemental statement <strong>and</strong> curriculumvitae of Mr. Jaffe; also, the prepared statement of Mr. WilliamS. Ulrich, which was unfortunately omitted from our New York hearings,but relates to the statements made by Mr. Jaffe, Dr. Yondorf,<strong>and</strong> Mr. Hoi den.Chairman Pepper. Without objection, they will be received.(The material referred to follows:)[Exhibit No. 8(a)]Supplemental Statement of David Jatfe,Department Staff, MITRE Corp.The suggested <strong>research</strong> <strong>and</strong> development program consists of five major parts.In what follows, each part is further defined in terms of tasks, products, <strong>and</strong>probable cost. The cost estimates are related to performance periods, asappropriate.The structure of these efforts is highly variable, <strong>and</strong> the corresponding performanceperiod <strong>and</strong> cost will be sensitive functions of the approach selected.A conservative approach can be taken in which ideas are investigated one at atime, or a redundant program can involve several simultaneous efforts with thesame objective. The cost estimates given below are for conservative approaches.They are subject to considerable flexibility <strong>and</strong> interpretation <strong>and</strong> should betaken as gross values appropriate only for initial planning.(1) Surveillance of Opium Poppy CropsAn initial experiment would establish the basis for assembly of test apparatus.After evaluation of the test gear, designs would be finalized <strong>and</strong> prototype equipment,suitable for aircraft-bome operation, would be constructed <strong>and</strong> tested.Culminating in delivery of the prototype instrument with operating procedures,this effort might cost about $2.5 million <strong>and</strong> take 1 to 2 years. The prototypeinstrument would be suitable for use by operational agencies in verifying functionalutility <strong>and</strong> in specifying future procurements.Satellite observations would at first make use of data from available instruments.Only then could the possible need for special hardware be determined.Depending on the results of initial experimentation, this project could costbetween $500,000 <strong>and</strong> $2 million. The lower figure presumes ability to use availabledata ; the higher one would be the cost of a special instrument packagesuitable for flight on a satellite.(2) Tracer TechnologyThis effort would consist of identifying tracer materials which could be usedin a variety of operational situations. Contracts would be let to chemical <strong>research</strong>firms to develop specific tracers which would be subjected to tests for susceptibilityto detection <strong>and</strong> countermeasures. The product of this effort would berecommendations to the enforcement agencies for use of a variety of tracers.Costs are estimated at $1.5 million over a 2- to 3-year period.(3) Sensor TechnologyTechniques known to be capable of identifying heroin would be rated as totheir potential for meeting the constraints of the operational situations. Contractswould be let for redesign of the two best possibilities <strong>and</strong> for tests oftechniques which might prove to be applicable. Prototypes of the most promisingdesigns would be constructed, tested, <strong>and</strong> made available to enforcement agencies.A continuing effort would be devoted to finding additional useful concepts <strong>and</strong>designs. In a 5-year period, it is expected that three or four prototypes wouldbe completed at a total cost of about $4 million.(4) Data H<strong>and</strong>lingA computerized data bank would be designed using information on all facetsof illicit drug production, distribution, use, <strong>and</strong> control. Information to be includedwould be determined by the operational requirements of the enforcement

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