Customizing the Body (PDF file) - Print My Tattoo
Customizing the Body (PDF file) - Print My Tattoo Customizing the Body (PDF file) - Print My Tattoo
211 Notes to Chapter 4 6. Of the nine tattooist/interviewees who had received some form of training, one had been involved in formal, remunerated training; five were hired as apprentice-gofers and three learned by hanging out and observing in tattoo studios. 7. Japanese tattooist/initiates typically practice on radishes (Richie and Buruma, 1980: 97), hams or sausages (Fellman, 1986: 13). 8. When asked who was the recipient of their first tattoo, six respondents (43 percent) said they had done their initial work on customers in the shop where they were working or hanging out, two (14 percent) said they had tattooed themselves first, and six (43 percent) said they had done their first work as coverups or reworking of the crude work carried by trusting or naive personal friends or acquaintances (cf. Schroder, 1973: 108–111). 9. Five of the fourteen interviewees were basically self-taught. 10. Interviewees estimated that between 40 and 80 percent of the customers who come to them for a first tattoo eventually return for more work. 11. Of the fourteen tattooist interviewees, six worked in shops owned by another tattooist (two were apprentices), three were proprietors of shops in which there were two or more artists, four were situated in shops in which they were the sole tattooist, and one was a “bootlegger” tattooing out of his apartment in a state in which tattooing was legally prohibited. 12. Of the fourteen tattooists interviewed, nine cited pleasurable interaction with clients and customer satisfaction with the tattoo/service as the primary reward of their occupation. 13. It is interesting to think of this issue of the tattoo “artist” covering or reworking the product of another “artist” in light of Becker’s (1982: 217–225) discussion of the editing, destruction, and “death” of art products. 14. Eleven of fourteen interviewees cited the negative social status of being a tattooist as a major occupational problem. 15. The legal problems encountered by the tattooist are an excellent example of a specific instance in which the state attempts to structure an art world and shape the artistic activity to its own liking. See Becker, 1982: 165–191 for a general discussion of this issue. 16. One tattooist prided himself on the quantity and diversity of the tattoo designs he had on display. He estimated, however, that of the some 2,000 tattoos he offered he only applied 100 with any regularity. Chapter 4 1. Given the male dominance within tattooing, I was surprised at the relative infrequency with which overtly sexual talk and sexual come-ons occurred in the studios. Male tattooists consistently maintained that they were not sexually excited by the exposure of or contact with intimate parts
212 Notes to Chapter 4 of female clients’ bodies. When I observed tattooists working on or near women’s “private” areas they routinely maintained a serious facial expression and did not engage in the usual joking interaction. Like some gynecologists (see Emerson, 1970) they adopted a rigid business-like demeanor so as to avoid the potentially conflictual sexual implications of the intimate physical contact. On their part, women clients commonly exercised some care when planning for and receiving tattoos on their breasts, buttocks, hips, thighs, or other private locations. They usually were accompanied by a female friend and wore leotards or bathing suits under their clothes. In the shops I frequented curtains commonly were used to conceal the process from the casual observer (cf. Becker and Clark, 1979: 14–15). 2. Those shops in which commercial values are dominant—especially those which cater primarily to military personnel—deal with the time problem by speeding up the process. Some shops employ an assembly line mode of organization. The least experienced employee applies the chosen design using a plastic stencil and fine carbon powder, the senior tattooist does the most exacting work of outlining the design with black pigment and, finally, the client is passed on to assistants who shade and color the design. While this procedure was generally denigrated by the tattooists I interviewed, it was, at the same time, seen as a reasonable approach for high volume shops located near military bases. 3. At times, watching customers react negatively to their experientially enlarged understanding of the tattoo process. For example: Did I tell you about the guy who fainted in here the other day? Well, actually he didn’t do it in here, he did it outside. He had come in with his friend, not even getting a tattoo, just watching. I noticed him leave. He was out sitting on the front step and he just went over. We thought he was dead. He was foaming at the mouth and didn’t move a muscle. He had wet himself and there was all this blood on the sidewalk—he had cut himself when he went down. We did the thing with the poppers and the wet towels. His buddy—the guy who was getting the tattoo—said he “had a weak stomach.” Needless to say he didn’t get a tattoo. 4. It is understandable, therefore, that experienced tattoo collectors who purchase custom work and who have developed a personal relationship with an artist consistently express the highest level of satisfaction. On the other hand, tattoo initiates with little or no experience and who impulsively decide to be tattooed in the first studio they enter are far more likely to regret their decision. As would be predicted on the basis of the literature on high risk purchases (for example, Cunningham, 1967), tattoo consumers who have been satisfied with past work and who choose to get additional tattoos display considerable “brand loyalty.” Returning to a tattooist who has provided satisfactory service in the past significantly
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211 Notes to Chapter 4<br />
6. Of <strong>the</strong> nine tattooist/interviewees who had received some form of<br />
training, one had been involved in formal, remunerated training; five were<br />
hired as apprentice-gofers and three learned by hanging out and observing<br />
in tattoo studios.<br />
7. Japanese tattooist/initiates typically practice on radishes (Richie and<br />
Buruma, 1980: 97), hams or sausages (Fellman, 1986: 13).<br />
8. When asked who was <strong>the</strong> recipient of <strong>the</strong>ir first tattoo, six respondents<br />
(43 percent) said <strong>the</strong>y had done <strong>the</strong>ir initial work on customers in<br />
<strong>the</strong> shop where <strong>the</strong>y were working or hanging out, two (14 percent) said<br />
<strong>the</strong>y had tattooed <strong>the</strong>mselves first, and six (43 percent) said <strong>the</strong>y had done<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir first work as coverups or reworking of <strong>the</strong> crude work carried by<br />
trusting or naive personal friends or acquaintances (cf. Schroder, 1973:<br />
108–111).<br />
9. Five of <strong>the</strong> fourteen interviewees were basically self-taught.<br />
10. Interviewees estimated that between 40 and 80 percent of <strong>the</strong> customers<br />
who come to <strong>the</strong>m for a first tattoo eventually return for more<br />
work.<br />
11. Of <strong>the</strong> fourteen tattooist interviewees, six worked in shops owned by<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r tattooist (two were apprentices), three were proprietors of shops<br />
in which <strong>the</strong>re were two or more artists, four were situated in shops in<br />
which <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>the</strong> sole tattooist, and one was a “bootlegger” tattooing<br />
out of his apartment in a state in which tattooing was legally prohibited.<br />
12. Of <strong>the</strong> fourteen tattooists interviewed, nine cited pleasurable interaction<br />
with clients and customer satisfaction with <strong>the</strong> tattoo/service as<br />
<strong>the</strong> primary reward of <strong>the</strong>ir occupation.<br />
13. It is interesting to think of this issue of <strong>the</strong> tattoo “artist” covering<br />
or reworking <strong>the</strong> product of ano<strong>the</strong>r “artist” in light of Becker’s (1982:<br />
217–225) discussion of <strong>the</strong> editing, destruction, and “death” of art products.<br />
14. Eleven of fourteen interviewees cited <strong>the</strong> negative social status of<br />
being a tattooist as a major occupational problem.<br />
15. The legal problems encountered by <strong>the</strong> tattooist are an excellent<br />
example of a specific instance in which <strong>the</strong> state attempts to structure an<br />
art world and shape <strong>the</strong> artistic activity to its own liking. See Becker,<br />
1982: 165–191 for a general discussion of this issue.<br />
16. One tattooist prided himself on <strong>the</strong> quantity and diversity of <strong>the</strong> tattoo<br />
designs he had on display. He estimated, however, that of <strong>the</strong> some<br />
2,000 tattoos he offered he only applied 100 with any regularity.<br />
Chapter 4<br />
1. Given <strong>the</strong> male dominance within tattooing, I was surprised at <strong>the</strong><br />
relative infrequency with which overtly sexual talk and sexual come-ons<br />
occurred in <strong>the</strong> studios. Male tattooists consistently maintained that <strong>the</strong>y<br />
were not sexually excited by <strong>the</strong> exposure of or contact with intimate parts