violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

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3FIGURE 3.1Percentage of women married by the age of 18 yearsNigerChadMaliBangladeshGuineaBurkina FasoCentral African RepublicMozambiqueNepalUgandaCameroonEthiopiaYemenEritreaMalawiIndiaNigeriaNicaraguaZambiaDominican RepublicMadagascarUnited Republic of TanzaniaBeninSenegalGuatemalaGabonCôte d'IvoireTogoComorosZimbabweGhanaCambodiaKenyaIndonesiaHaitiBrazilColombiaKyrgyzstanBoliviaRwandaEgyptPeruPhilippinesKazakhstanViet NamNamibiaTurkmenistanSouth Africa6565656257575654534948474746434342414039373634343331302928252524242421212120201915141110987771Percentage0 20 40 60 80 10059Violence against children in the home and familySource: UNICEF (2005). Early Marriage - a harmful traditional practice. A Statistical Exploration.New York, UNICEF. Data analysed from 1996 - 2003
60Violence against children in the home and familyPsychological violence, by spouses, againstmarried girls includes humiliation, threatsagainst her or someone close to her, and controllingbehaviours. Where a girl flees a violentmarriage and returns home, she may berejected by her parents and beaten for inadequacyas a wife.Harmful traditional practicesIn some settings, cultural traditions includepractices which inflict pain and ‘disfigurement’on children, such as scarifying, branding,or tattooing. Although the term ‘harmfultraditional practices’ has been particularlyassociated with FGM of girls, there are manyother harmful practices involving both boysand girls. In Ethiopia, a 1998 survey by theNational Committee on Harmful TraditionalPractices found that uvulectomy (removal offlesh from the soft palate at the back of themouth) is carried out on 84% of children,and milk teeth extraction on 89%. 81 Theseoperations may be performed with unsterilisedinstruments, leading to potential infection.Participants in the West and Central Africanconsultations for the Study expressed concernthat in West African countries includingMauritania, Niger and northern Mali, thedesire to marry their children at a very youngage incites parents to force-feed their 5–10-year-old daughters to promote their physicaldevelopment, make them as plump as maturewomen, and therefore pleasing to men. Thismay have tragic consequences, including rejectionby husbands who find their wives have notmenstruated and cannot produce children, aswell as obesity which is associated with laterserious health problems: cardiovascular disease,hypertension and diabetes.Female genital mutilation/cutting(FGM)The term ‘harmful traditional practices’ is mostfrequently used to refer to female genital mutilation,or ‘cutting’ as it is described in areaswhere it is practised. According to a WHOestimate, between 100 and 140 million girlsand women in the world have undergone someform of FGM. 82 Girls from very young ages upto their mid or late teens undergo this form ofgenital excision, normally including the clitoris,as a precursor to marriage. 83 FGM is seen asa protection of virginity, a beautification process,and in a number of cultures is regarded asan essential precondition of marriage.There are different forms of FGM, some ofwhich involve more radical excisions in thegenital area than others. In its most extremeform (infibulation), the internal labia minoraand external labia majora are cut and theexposed edges sutured together, leaving thevagina almost shut. Following the procedure,the girl’s legs are normally bound from foot tohip, immobilising her for days to enable scartissue to form. 84 This form of the operation isendured by 90–98% of Somali girls, usually atthe age of 7 or 8 years. 85 There are profoundimplications for a woman’s experience of sexualrelations and maternity. Prolonged labourand stillbirth are common. After delivery, thewoman is usually ‘re-sewn’.The most reliable and extensive data on theprevalence and nature of FGM are provided
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WORLD REPORT ONviolence against chi
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The designations employed and the p
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IVNature and extent of the problem
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I would like to thank the generous
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the University of Alberta, Canada;
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XII
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primary obligation to prevent viole
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sultations that were facilitated by
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UNICEF/HQ 05-1826. Giacomo PirozziU
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An end to violence against children
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“Children are not mini-human bein
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“There is a large gap between wha
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Page 49 and 50: UNICEF/HQ05-1931. Roger LemoyneHAIT
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Page 65 and 66: UNICEF/HQ01-0432. Claudio VersianiB
Page 67 and 68: 46Violence against children in the
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Page 71 and 72: “I was forced to marry with an ol
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Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 3.2The prevalence of FGM amo
Page 85 and 86: “Violence against children in the
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Page 89 and 90: “When the head of the household h
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110Violence against children in sch
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“I have seen the harsh behaviour
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“The teacher slapped the students
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FIGURE 4.1The percentage of childre
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“Two kids were fighting and one o
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“I didn’t go back to school for
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“If they [kids] are beaten at hom
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Simon’s story: A case study on a
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“As my father could not go to pic
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well as early intervention when pro
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In Croatia, a campaign for ‘Safe
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“Curriculum is far more than what
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“When children grow up they keep
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dents are considered along with tho
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UNICEF/HQ99-0638. Giacomo PirozziIR
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172Violence against Children in car
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Human rights instrumentsThe Interna
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“There were teachers [at the ‘o
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“Ninety percent of the kids that
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“It was like being crucified on a
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“When I went to prison, I was aro
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“I was tortured in prison and mal
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“We are beaten by security forces
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Case study: diversion pilot project
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“We feel our juvenile justice sys
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Case study: de-institutionalisation
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UNICEF/HQ06-0343. Giacomo PirozziPA
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232Violence against children in pla
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“Raids are conducted on our work
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“Preventive action against violen
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‘We all come from the same villag
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“Bihari ustads (masters) punish t
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“If I broke something or did some
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“In the seven years I was working
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“No child should have to fight a
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The long struggle to end the use of
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“We have reduced the heavy work t
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“The protection of children invol
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KEYSTONE/AP- Photo/Dolores OchoaECU
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284Violence against children in the
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“A paradigm shift is needed. We h
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same age group. Preliminary data fr
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“In all countries children with d
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“They treat you badly. You don’
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When tradition meets superstitionVi
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“When I come out of my house the
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Repressive anti-gang policies in La
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Violence against children in situat
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Table 7.3 - Current worldwide Inter
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“I used to think that being a gir
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“Children are caught between the
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‘The way to decrease violence is
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South Africa’s Thuthuzela Care Ce
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Firearms, alcohol, and the preventi
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“If you want to know how to paint
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“We believe that governments and
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Sueraya Shaheen- Cité du TempsEL S
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“Too often, we see that legislati
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AnnexEstimated homicide rates by re
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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