violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

7arms may mean that this violence results inserious injury or death. 16,17,18,19Sex differences in adolescent homicide ratesraise questions about how male socialisation andnorms regarding masculinity contribute to violenceagainst children in community settings.In almost all countries (and with the exceptionof young children whose male/female homiciderates are similar), homicide rates amongchildren are substantially higher among malesthan females. Homicide rates among boys aged15–17 are nearly three times greater than thoseamong girls of the same age. In the Americas,Africa, and Eastern Europe, where some of thehighest adolescent homicide rates are found,the rates among 15–17-year-old boys are two tosix times higher than those among girls of theTable 7.1 – Homicide rates by region for males and females:estimated adolescent homicide rates by UN region, 2002RegionMales(age group, yr)Females(age group, yr)10 – 14 15 – 17 10 – 14 15 – 17All 2.08 9.06 1.49 3.28High-income countries 0.56 3.25 0.40 1.53Low-income countries 2.25 9.75 1.61 3.48Africa 5.09 15.64 4.62 9.45Asia 1.21 3.93 0.69 1.48Australia/New Zealand* 0.41 1.60 0.31 0.48Europe 0.89 5.72 0.75 1.67Latin American & Caribbean 4.01 37.66 1.81 6.50Northern America 1.09 6.37 0.72 1.60Oceania** 2.00 0.13 0.85 2.14289Violence against children in the community* Rate is based on less than 100 cases** Excluding Australia and New Zealand. Rate is based on less than 100 cases.Source: WHO (2006). Global Estimates of Health Consequences Due to Violence against Children. BackgroundPaper to the UN Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children. Geneva, World Health Organization.