violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

6of violence is taboo, and one interview is justnot enough to build up mutual trust.” 181In recent years, the concept of child labour monitoringhas shifted from monitoring of industriesor organised workplace settings, to monitoringof the children removed from work and providedwith protection services. IPEC has developed a‘tracer’ methodology to assess long-term changes(two years and more after the completion of anintervention) that have occurred in the lives ofworking children as a consequence of the intervention.Impacts examined include educationalstatus, economic well-being, employment,health, and attitudes; working children on thestreets (Turkey), mining (Ecuador), domesticlabour (Uganda), fishing (Indonesia) and traffickedchildren (Sri Lanka). 182 In the informaleconomy, community-based monitoring isincreasingly being used to provide reliable dataand the tracking of working children. All theseinitiatives represent opportunities to identifychildren’s experience of physical and psychologicalviolence, its impact and the necessary stepsto be taken for redress.Building momentumfor changeSince the mid-1990s, a worldwide movementagainst child labour has emerged, in which awide range of protagonists have been active.Manifestations of the momentum behind thismovement are the rapidity at which ILO ConventionNo. 182 has been ratified around theworld, and the success of such initiatives as theGlobal March against Child Labour, which in1998 brought together a network of organisationsto take ongoing action against childlabour. Partners in the movement includeinternational and regional organisations, bilateralagencies, the Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU), workers’ and employers’ organisations,NGOs, the media, academics, and organisationsrepresenting working children.An important dynamic has been the growingconcern (and consumer action) over corporatesocial responsibility. Action has come largelythrough self-regulation via sectoral alliancesand voluntary codes of conduct to ensure thatmembers of supply chains in globalised manufacturingindustries – garments, footballs,sports shoes, tobacco products – are not usingchild labour. 183 Employers’ organisations in, forexample, Azerbaijan, the Republic of Moldova,Malawi and Uganda, have promoted mediacampaigns against child labour; in Ghana, theyhave been involved in discussions with parliamentarianson a new draft of the Human TraffickingBill. In Brazil, the National Confederationfor Industry (CNI), in collaboration withlocal NGOs, has set up a prevention and rehabilitationprogramme for children in prostitution.In China’s Yunan Province, 74 influentialemployers in Kunming City have called on privatesector managers to comply with child labourlaws and contribute to anti-trafficking efforts,including a street advocacy campaign. 184Trade unions have a long association with effortsto reduce child labour, and are well-placed toact as watchdogs and monitors of violence andabuse within the workplace. However, few tradeunions are operational within the informaleconomy, or in those parts of the worldwide267Violence against children in places of work