violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

6universal access to basic services,especially quality education.• Interventions to respond directly toworking children’s need to be removedfrom workplaces that expose themto violence, hazard and exploitation,targeted at a wide-ranging audienceincluding employers, parents,community leaders and enforcementofficials.• Advocacy and social mobilisation bycivil society to promote the right ofchildren not to be treated with violencein the workplace, and for all childrento have access to quality education andappropriate preparation for a futureworking life free from exploitation andabuse.Laws and their implementationInternational standards guide national legislativeaction on child labour. All but two countrieshave ratified the CRC and more than 80%of the world’s children now live in countrieswhich have ratified the two key ILO Conventions.Since its adoption in 1999, ConventionNo. 182 has enjoyed a rapid pace of ratification,which in turn has helped to double the rateof ratifications of the Minimum Age Convention,No. 138. 129 This reflects a strong politicalconsensus and significant new momentum onurgent action to eliminate child labour. ManyGovernments have undertaken reviews of theirlegislation, and shown greater resolution inaddressing the many issues involved.There are still major challenges in bringing customarylaw and traditional codes concerning‘work’ and ‘employment’ into conformity withinternational law. One important action at thenational level has been determining the list ofKenya: Addressing work, poverty and education in tandemIn recent efforts to reduce child labour, acknowledgement has been made of the difficultiesfaced by seriously poor families, including those affected by HIV/AIDS. Evenwhere primary school fees have been abolished, some African families still find that theyneed children to supplement the family income by working instead of going to school.In an effort to address this situation, Kenya – with two million working children aged5–17 years – has tried compensating parents for the loss of their children’s economiccontribution; the money is conditional on children attending school. US$ 7–14 permonth per child is given as an incentive to parents of those working in plantations, subsistencefarms and fisheries, as well as for orphans and other vulnerable children. 128255Violence against children in places of work