violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

5Violence against Childrenin care and justice institutionsIntroduction 175Human rights instruments 177Background and context 178The rise of the institution 178Second thoughts about institutional care 180Factors contributing to violence in institutions 180Low priority 181Inadequate staffing 181Lack of Monitoring and Oversight 182Mixing different levels of vulnerability 182Children in institutional care 183Nature and extent of the problem 183Institutionalisation in Eastern Europe andformer Soviet countries 184Ethnic minorities targeted 184Why children are placed in residential care 185Patterns of institutionalisation 186Sources of violence within care institutions 187Violence by staff 187Violence in the guise of treatment 188Lack of care as a form of violence 188Violence by other children 189Impact of institutionalisation on children’s healthand development 189Children in custody and detention 190Nature and extent of the problem 191Historical context 192Children in conflict with the law 193Why children come into conflict with the law 193Detention as a substitute for care 195171Violence against Children in care and justice institutions