violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

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4FIGURE 4.3The percentage of children aged 11, 13 and 15 years old who reportedhaving been in a physical fight within the last 12 monthsChina (Beijing) (N=2348)*Finland (N=5363)**Swaziland (N=7341)*Uganda (N=3215)*Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia (N=4147)**Germany (N=5610)**Greenland (N=853)**Zimbabwe (Harare) (N=1997)*Venezuela (Lara) (N=2166)*Switzerland (N=4660)**Guyana (N=1212)*Oman (N=2979)*Canada (N=4310)**USA (N=4923)**Sweden (N=3810)**Zambia (N=2257)*Netherlands (N=4213)**Kenya (N=3691)*Philippines (N=7338)*Portugal (N=2901)**Denmark (N=4630)**France (N=8140)**Botswana (N=2197)*Chile (Metropolitan Region) (N=2111)*Norway (N=4937)**Spain (N=5802)**Ireland (N=2857)**Italy (N=4355)**Croatia (N=4390)**Namibia (N=6367)*United Kingdom (N=14297)**United Arab Emirates (N=15790)*Austria (N=4449)**Slovenia (N=3935)**Malta (N=1961)**Greece (N=3789)**Poland (N=6359)**Belgium (N=10511)**Latvia (N=3450)**Ukraine (N=4050)**Estonia (N=3977)**Hungary (N=4132)**Lebanon (N=5115)*Russia (N=8028)**Jordan (N=2457)*Lithuania (N=5639)**Czech Republic (N=4978)**61213151616182019182022232322242024212624252619272421182424282928282931323232293127373739404043454546473547484850424546505051515156535454545555555657585858*Source: Analysis of data from theHealth Behaviour in School-AgedChildren: a WHO Cross-NationalStudy 2001/2 (http://www.hbsc.org)and Currie C et al. (2001) HealthBehaviour in School-aged Children:A WHO Cross-National study.Research Protocol for the 2001/2002Survey. Edinburgh: Child andAdolescent Health Research Unit,University of Edinburgh. Surveyedstudents aged 13-15.**Source: Analysis provided to theStudy by the Global School-BasedStudent Health Survey: The WorldHealth Organization (http://www.who.int/chp/gshs or http://www.cdc.gov/gshs) for surveys conducted in2003-5. Surveyed students aged 11,13 and 15.FemalesMales585858596060616263646565656667690 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Percentage127Violence against children in schools and educational settings
128Violence against children in schools and educational settingsfrom school for at least one of the previous30 days because they were worried about theirsafety. 93 In the USA, some research has suggestedthat in schools where boys are carryingweapons, girls are also more likely to carryweapons. 94Studies from Canada suggest weapon-carryingin schools is as common in Canada as it is inthe USA. 95 An analysis of school suspensionsin Nova Scotia found that around half weredue to carrying a weapon. Whether weaponcarryingis a rising or decreasing phenomenonin North American schools is a subject ofdebate. The same is true of Western Europeanschools, though evidence suggests that physicalviolence of all kinds has remained fairlyconstant. 96 In other regions, weapons are oftenassociated with gang violence.The development of peer groups is a naturalpart of school life, but gangs also develop inthe school environment. These groups are distinguishedfrom other peer groups by moreformal structures and rituals. Gang violencein schools would appear to be most prevalentin places where violence in the whole of societyis common. Participants in the CaribbeanRegional Consultation for this Study reportedthat gangs, gang violence outside schools andgang violence in schools have all grown in parallel.These participants reported that gangviolence in schools includes severe beatings,stabbings and shootings, and tends to be moresevere than other forms of violence in schoolsbecause it is associated with trafficking of illicitdrugs. 97,98 Participants in the Latin AmericanRegional Consultation reported similar parallelgrowth in gang violence in and outsideschools. 99 (See the chapter on violence againstchildren in the community.)Impacts of violenceat schoolThis section outlines the possible impacts ofviolence at school. However, it is important tonote that these consequences are not inevitable.In fact, they are largely preventable and can besignificantly reduced by effective interventions,which are discussed in subsequent sections.Health impactsViolence in school can have a physical impact,cause psychological distress, permanent physicaldisability and long-term physical or mentalill-health. Physical impacts are the most obviousand may include mild or serious wounds,bruises, fractures, and deaths by homicide orsuicide. Sexual assault may lead to unwantedand early pregnancy and sexually transmittedinfections, including HIV/AIDS. 100 Thepsychological impacts may include immediateimpairment of emotional development andlong-term mental distress and ill-health, whichcan contribute to physical ill-health as well.A number of studies have shown correlationsbetween corporal punishment and poor mentalhealth. 101 While most have focused on corporalpunishment within families, some havefocused on corporal punishment in schools.One European study on personal histories ofdepressed children found that corporal punishmentin schools was the strongest past pre-
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WORLD REPORT ONviolence against chi
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The designations employed and the p
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IVNature and extent of the problem
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I would like to thank the generous
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the University of Alberta, Canada;
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XII
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primary obligation to prevent viole
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sultations that were facilitated by
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UNICEF/HQ 05-1826. Giacomo PirozziU
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An end to violence against children
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“Children are not mini-human bein
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“There is a large gap between wha
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“Throughout history some children
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“Violence against children is a s
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“I hate being a child, I hate bei
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14ity, the short- and long-term rep
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“Nations will not prosper if thei
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“This study provides a comprehens
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20An end to violence against childr
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“Ending violence against children
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“All of our proposals are achieva
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26An end to violence against childr
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UNICEF/HQ05-1931. Roger LemoyneHAIT
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30Violence against children and int
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“I really believe there is nothin
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“Children are betrayed every day
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“In bringing to light the many is
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“Fundamental rights, children rig
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Regional treaties relevant to viole
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42Violence against children and int
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UNICEF/HQ01-0432. Claudio VersianiB
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46Violence against children in the
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“The Study marks a watershed in a
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“I was forced to marry with an ol
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“One day I went to put the cows t
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“I was just 15 years old and was
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“I hate early marriage. I was mar
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FIGURE 3.2The prevalence of FGM amo
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“Violence against children in the
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“It could appear a feeling of gui
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“When the head of the household h
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“Some of our parents fight in fro
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Page 97 and 98: The Swedish experience with prohibi
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Page 131 and 132: 110Violence against children in sch
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Page 145 and 146: FIGURE 4.1The percentage of childre
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Page 159 and 160: well as early intervention when pro
Page 165 and 166: In Croatia, a campaign for ‘Safe
Page 171 and 172: “Curriculum is far more than what
Page 173 and 174: “When children grow up they keep
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Human rights instrumentsThe Interna
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“There were teachers [at the ‘o
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182Violence against Children in car
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“Ninety percent of the kids that
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“It was like being crucified on a
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“When I went to prison, I was aro
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“I was tortured in prison and mal
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“We are beaten by security forces
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Case study: diversion pilot project
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“We feel our juvenile justice sys
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Case study: de-institutionalisation
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UNICEF/HQ06-0343. Giacomo PirozziPA
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232Violence against children in pla
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“Raids are conducted on our work
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“Preventive action against violen
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‘We all come from the same villag
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“Bihari ustads (masters) punish t
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“If I broke something or did some
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“In the seven years I was working
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“No child should have to fight a
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The long struggle to end the use of
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“We have reduced the heavy work t
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“The protection of children invol
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KEYSTONE/AP- Photo/Dolores OchoaECU
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“A paradigm shift is needed. We h
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same age group. Preliminary data fr
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“In all countries children with d
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“They treat you badly. You don’
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When tradition meets superstitionVi
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“When I come out of my house the
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Repressive anti-gang policies in La
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Violence against children in situat
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Table 7.3 - Current worldwide Inter
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“I used to think that being a gir
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“Children are caught between the
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‘The way to decrease violence is
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South Africa’s Thuthuzela Care Ce
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Firearms, alcohol, and the preventi
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“If you want to know how to paint
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“We believe that governments and
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Sueraya Shaheen- Cité du TempsEL S
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“Too often, we see that legislati
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AnnexEstimated homicide rates by re
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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