violence against children WORLD REPORT ON - CRIN

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Schools, that are supposed to be “places of learning, turned out to be a nightmare because there isviolence and it is unbearable.”Child, Eastern and Southern Africa, 2005 VII4mainly girls or children from ethnic minorities.77 A study among primary school studentsin the fourth grade in the Republic of Koreaconcluded that bullying is common in schoolsand arises from social conditions and bullies’emotional problems. 78 Reports from SouthAsia indicated severe discrimination in theclassroom, amounting to abuse and exclusion,against children from minorities or low castes.A consultation on violence in schools heldthrough UNICEF’s Voices of Youth forumalso confirmed the widespread experience ofbullying in schools in the Middle East andNorth Africa, and led to calls from childrento stop it. 79The most common forms of bullying areverbal and, if left unchecked, verbal bullyingcan lead to extreme violence. Some of therecent impetus for studies of bullying camefrom the notorious school shootings in theUSA and Canada during the late 1990s. Oneinvestigation found that an inability to copewith social ridicule and personal rejectionmay have fuelled those outbursts. 80 A study inIsrael found that bullies’ feelings of suffering,humiliation and anger often explain why theymove from verbal to physical violence. 81The Internet and mobile phones have providednew opportunities for bullying throughe-mails, online chat lines, personal web pages,text messages, and transmission of images. 82,83A survey of students in Canada found thatboys confessed to cyber-bullying more oftenthan girls, and were also more frequently thevictims of cyber-bullying. 84 Unique aspects ofcyber-bullying are that it allows perpetratorsto remain anonymous, it allows for quick distributionand replication of messages, and itcan turn masses of children into bystanders orwitnesses of non-physical bullying of a highlymalicious nature as perpetrators hide behindtheir anonymity.How schools fail to discourage bullyingStrong leadership, an ethos of caring, andclear and consistently enforced policies canreduce the incidence and severity of violencein schools of all kinds and even prevent it fromhappening. Unfortunately, most schools applyquick-fix solutions or deal with the problemsuperficially. They may expel perpetratorsrather than attempt to change their behaviour,which only transfers the problem to anotherschool or the wider community. They mayinclude anti-violence material in non-compulsorycourses or ad hoc lessons, but it is usuallyinsufficient to impart the knowledge and skillsteachers and students need to understand andprevent violence. 85School bullying usually occurs when no teachersare present and when student bystandersneither intervene nor inform teachers or otherschool staff. A Canadian study found that in57% of cases where bystanders intervened thebullying stopped. 86 North American childrenparticipating in Children’s Forums held as partof this Study suggested turning bystanders intodefenders through peer support schemes.Fighting, physical assault, and gangsFighting generally involves conflict generallinvolves two or more people where it is not easyto make distinctions between perpetrators and123Violence against children in schools and educational settings
FIGURE 4.1The percentage of children aged 11, 13 and 15 years who reportedhaving been bullied within the past couple of months124Violence against children in schools and educational settingsLithuania (N=5630)Portugal (N=2919)Latvia (N=3442)Ukraine (N=4038)Austria (N=4440)Estonia (N=3979)Switzerland (N=4652)Greenland (N=832)Russia (N=8026)Belgium (N=10556)Germany (N=5582)Canada (N=4331)USA (N=4956)Norway (N=4955)France (N=8103)Poland (N=6351)United Kingdom (N=14122)Netherlands (N=4230)Denmark (N=4646)Italy (N=4353)Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia (N=4145)Malta (N=1945)Ireland (N=2830)Croatia (N=4384)Spain (N=5785)Finland (N=5336)Greece (N=3788)Hungary (N=4145)Slovenia (N=3936)Czech Republic (N=4970)Sweden (N=3828)646544564552485041484247394246413540304034403738333630353634273332322732323125312531183024292128252721272326Females242323Males22151715150 20 40 60 80 100Source: Analysis of data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: a WHO Cross-National Study 2001/2(http://www.hbsc.org) and Currie C et al. (2001). Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Cross-National study.Research Protocol for the 2001/2002 Survey. Edinburgh, Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Edinburgh.
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WORLD REPORT ONviolence against chi
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The designations employed and the p
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IVNature and extent of the problem
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I would like to thank the generous
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the University of Alberta, Canada;
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XII
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primary obligation to prevent viole
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sultations that were facilitated by
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UNICEF/HQ 05-1826. Giacomo PirozziU
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An end to violence against children
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“Children are not mini-human bein
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“There is a large gap between wha
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“Throughout history some children
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“Violence against children is a s
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“I hate being a child, I hate bei
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14ity, the short- and long-term rep
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“Nations will not prosper if thei
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“This study provides a comprehens
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20An end to violence against childr
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“Ending violence against children
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“All of our proposals are achieva
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26An end to violence against childr
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UNICEF/HQ05-1931. Roger LemoyneHAIT
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30Violence against children and int
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“I really believe there is nothin
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“Children are betrayed every day
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“In bringing to light the many is
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“Fundamental rights, children rig
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Regional treaties relevant to viole
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42Violence against children and int
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UNICEF/HQ01-0432. Claudio VersianiB
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46Violence against children in the
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“The Study marks a watershed in a
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“I was forced to marry with an ol
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“One day I went to put the cows t
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“I was just 15 years old and was
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“I hate early marriage. I was mar
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FIGURE 3.2The prevalence of FGM amo
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“Violence against children in the
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“It could appear a feeling of gui
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“When the head of the household h
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“Some of our parents fight in fro
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174Violence against Children in car
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Human rights instrumentsThe Interna
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“There were teachers [at the ‘o
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“Ninety percent of the kids that
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“It was like being crucified on a
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“When I went to prison, I was aro
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“I was tortured in prison and mal
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“We are beaten by security forces
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Case study: diversion pilot project
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“We feel our juvenile justice sys
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Case study: de-institutionalisation
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UNICEF/HQ06-0343. Giacomo PirozziPA
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232Violence against children in pla
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“Raids are conducted on our work
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“Preventive action against violen
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‘We all come from the same villag
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“Bihari ustads (masters) punish t
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“If I broke something or did some
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“In the seven years I was working
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“No child should have to fight a
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The long struggle to end the use of
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“We have reduced the heavy work t
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“The protection of children invol
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KEYSTONE/AP- Photo/Dolores OchoaECU
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“A paradigm shift is needed. We h
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same age group. Preliminary data fr
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“In all countries children with d
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“They treat you badly. You don’
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When tradition meets superstitionVi
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“When I come out of my house the
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Repressive anti-gang policies in La
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Violence against children in situat
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Cyber-space and cyber-threats - the
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Table 7.3 - Current worldwide Inter
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“I used to think that being a gir
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“Children are caught between the
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‘The way to decrease violence is
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South Africa’s Thuthuzela Care Ce
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Firearms, alcohol, and the preventi
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“If you want to know how to paint
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“We believe that governments and
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Sueraya Shaheen- Cité du TempsEL S
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“Too often, we see that legislati
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AnnexEstimated homicide rates by re
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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Notes..............................
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