Canada - National Presentation - Sandia National Laboratories

Content• DRDC Centre for Security Science (CSS) – PublicSecurity Technical Programme Overview– Risk and Capability Section Initiatives• Bioterrorism Related Initiatives

DRDC Centre for Security Science (CSS)– Programmes• CBRNE Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) – CSS,Ottawa– Budget 2001: $175M for 5 years, renewed in 2006• DRDC Counter-Terrorism Technology Centre (CTTC) –Suffield, Alberta– Budget 2001: $3M/year on-going• Public Security Technical Program (PSTP) Secretariat –CSS, Ottawa– Budget 2005: $15.5M for 5 years• Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC) – Ottawa &Regina– Budget 2007: $25M for 5 years

A Framework for the management ofPublic Security S&T Activities•Defeat CBRNE Threat•S&T support in developingcapabilities to prevent, prepare forand respond to CBRNE threats,whether derived from terrorist orcriminal activity, natural causes oraccidents.•Surveillance, Intelligence &Interdiction (SI 2 )•S&T support to develop capabilitiesneeded to identify and stopterrorists/criminals and theiractivities such as surveillance,monitoring, disruption andinterdiction of their activities.•Critical InfrastructureProtection (CIP)•S&T support for the assessmentof critical vulnerabilities; and thedevelopment of capabilities toreduce vulnerabilities.•Emergency Management &•Systems Integration (EMSI)•S&T support to the developmentof enabling standards,assessments of the Vulnerabilityof systems and System-of-System analyses and integration.

CSS Risk Portfolio – At A GlanceSPONSORSHIP OF STUDIES,CONCEPTS AROUND THREATSVULNERABILITIES, RISKS ANDCAPABILITIESADVICE RELATED TOTHREAT, VULNERABILITY,RISK, INTERNATIONALINITIATIVES, ETC.RISK ASSESSMENTPRODUCTION (e.g. CBRNECONSOLIDATED RISKASSESSMENT (CRA))ADVANCING ALL-HAZARDSRISK ASSESSMENTMETHODOLOGIES,INCLUDING RISKCOMMUNICATION ANDVISUALIZATIONALL ABOUTSETTINGPRIORITIESPROMOTE CBP INPUBLIC SAFETYAND SECURITY(CAPABILITY-BASEDINVESTMENTMODEL)FORESIGHT &FUTURE SECURITYVISIONINGSUPPORT/PROMOTE ATOOLBOX APPROACH TODECISION SUPPORT TOOLS,MODSIM, GAMING, ETC.INTEL ANALYSIS,CBRNE THREATPROLIFERATIONMONITORING

Threats andHazardsCSS Initiative: PublicSecurity Capability-BasedInvestment ModelForesight andSecurity Visioning• Sponsor: CSS Risk and Capability SectionPriority Threats- VignettesConsolidatedRisk Assessment• Objective(s): To Implement aCapability-based investment model andassociated tools to better inform publicsecurity science and technology andother capability related investments.Capability AuditOperationalCapabilityCapabilityInvestmentFull SpectrumThreat ScenariosCapabilityAnalysis• Outcomes:- Improved Understanding of Risks andcapability options- Promotion of pan-national understandingaround the management of capabilities- Database and other data managementtools …• Outputs / deliverables:- Compendium (to be published) around thecapabilities and capability balance ofinvestment- Associated data capture and managementinfrastructure …

CSS Initiative: CBRNEConsolidated Risk Assessment(CRA) Model• Sponsor: CSS Risk and Capability Section1• Objective(s): To further improve the CRAprocess and implement a similar process inother public security domains (SI 2 , CIP,etc.). Develop the necessary tools andinfrastructure to improve the data capture,collation, analysis and dissemination.2VulnerabilityDeterminationThreatScenarioIdentification3IntelligenceJudgement• Outcomes:- Improved Understanding of Risks asone feed into the priority settingprocess(es)- Promotion of a standard in riskassessment across public security S&Tprograms and capability investments- Better management of risk Data overtime- Outputs / deliverables:- Compendium (to be published) aroundthe CRA Process(es)- Associated data capture andmanagement infrastructure …Feasibility xImpact4RiskPrioritizationVulnerabilityx IntJudgement

CSS Initiative: ScenarioManagement Framework• Sponsor: CSS Risk and Capability Section• Objective(s): To Implement aScenario Management Framework andassociated tools to frame public securitycapability analysis and capabilityinvestments.• Outcomes:- Improved Understanding and framing ofRisks and capability options- Promotion of pan-national understandingaround the management of capabilities- Scenario and capability database andother data management tools …• Outputs / deliverables:- Compendium (to be published) ofscenarios, capabilities and capabilitybalance of investment- Associated data capture and managementinfrastructure …

CSS Initiative: All-Hazards Risk Assessment (AHRA) Methodology Study• Sponsor: Interdepartmental Working Group and CSS Risk and Capability Section• Objective: To explore a harmonized framework for conducting AHRA across the maliciousand non-malicious risk domains.• Potential Outcomes:- Promotion of a standardlanguage, approach,principles and methods forconducting risk assessments- New capability to conductrisk assessments across themalicious and non-maliciousrisk domains- Complementary S&Tprograms and capabilityinvestments- Better management of riskData over time• Outputs / deliverables:- Government level AllhazardsRisk Assessment- Associated data capture,analysis, visualization andmanagement infrastructure

Areas of Interest• Approaches and methods for conducting high-level(national, regional and local) Risk Assessments• Ideas and techniques for communicating risks,uncertainty, confidence and for visualizing risks (e.g. riskmaps)• Developments in the area of the Psycho-socialdimension of risk (e.g. risk tolerance, risk perception,etc.)• Computing tools for the capture, analysis andmanagement of threat, vulnerability, risk and/orcapability related information/data• Processes/frameworks for establishing and trackingpublic security S&T investments

Bioterrorism Related Initiatives

All Hazards Sample Receiving and Storage CapabilityOutputs:Detailed design drawings and operations andmaintenance guide for the facility.Validated SOPs for receiving, processing,decontaminating, and forwarding submittedmaterials.Real-time demonstration of the prototype facilityin an operational situation as proof of conceptfor additional ‘like’ facilities in Canada.Objectives:To produce a prototype facility for front-endscreening, triaging, and short-term storage ofsuspected CBRN materials.To develop and validate SOPs for operationand analysis within the facility.To demonstrate operability of the facility in alive exercise.CRTI 05-0123TDDelivery By: DRDC SuffieldStart/End: Apr 06/Mar 10Total Funding: $3.9MTotal FTE: 1.9 PYClient Sponsors: CRTI, DHS, PSC, CFLinkages: PHAC, PSC, RCMP, DRDC Ottawa, MTP,OPP, Toronto EMS, CFS, DHS, ECBC, PSTP,CF/CJIRU, APHL, NSWP, HOContact: Chris HoughHead, Operational Support SectionDRDC Suffield(403) 544-4011 ext 5124chris.hough@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Laboratory Response Network (LRN) Reference LaboratoryOutputs:Judicially valid analysis to allow respondercommunities to make accurate and informeddecisions.Increased linkages with national andinternational partners to provide for a heightenedreadiness for CBRN response.Objectives:To maintain compliance/proficiency as areference level laboratory in the CDC's LRN,to be able to provide:a) Biological threat agent analysis, in supportof a response to potential bio-terrorismevents, using validated/standardizedprotocols, equipment and reagents; andb) Surge capacity to other LRN partners.Delivery By: DRDC SuffieldStart/End: 2001/OngoingTotal Funding: $100 KTotal FTE: 1 PYClient Sponsors: CDC, DRDCLinkages: PHAC, PSC, RCMP, DHS, CF/CJIRU,CPHLN, APHLContact: Chris HoughHead, Operational Support SectionDRDC Suffield(403) 544-4011 ext 5124chris.hough@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Standoff Bioaerosol ChamberOutputs:A fully operational and characterized standoffbioaerosol chamber.SOPs to support operation of the chamberand evaluation of standoff systems.Staff trained in the operation of the standoffchamber.Objectives:• To design and build a chamber for evaluation ofstandoff biodetectors.• To characterize operation of the chamber usingcommon threat simulants.• To support testing for the Canadian BioSense Systemand systems from allied countries.• To determine appropriate test methods for standoffbiodetection systems.Delivery By: DRDC SuffieldTotal Funding: $1.1MTotal FTE: 2.2 PYClient Sponsors: CF/DCBRND, CRTI TechnicalAcquisition, NATO DATLinkages: TESWG, NATO SET, BioSense TDP, DISContact:Chris HoughHead, Operational Support SectionDRDC Suffield(403) 544-4011 ext 5124chris.hough@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Biological Aerosol Assessment and Detection Team(BADAT)Outputs:Validated SOPs for sampling, decon,deployment, logistics and communicationsIntegration with CA federal response networkCoordination with PHAC bio analysis capabilityFully trained, resourced and recognizeddeployable bioaerosol sampling teamObjectives:Move existing team from ‘reachback’ capability to astanding or scalable capabilityTrain/refresh members of the teamDevelop and validate new CONOPs and SOPsLiaise with organizations with which the team maydeployDesign and attend exercises for skill develop andmaintenanceDelivery By: DRDC SuffieldStart/End: Apr 08/ Mar 12Total Funding: $1.2 MTotal FTE: 2.7 PYClient Sponsors: CF, DRDCLinkages: Canada Command/SJS, PSC, PHACContact: Chris HoughHead, Operational Support SectionDRDC Suffield(403) 544-4011 ext 5124chris.hough@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

• TSWG T-750B: Objective Assessmentof Anthrax Letter Mitigation Protocolsin an Open Office EnvironmentObjectives:a) To assess the risk of anthrax letters in anopen office environment.b) Evaluate the effectiveness of existing andproposed first responder protocols using astatistically validated model systemdeveloped at DRDC Suffield.c) Establish capability to continue furtherassessments (Aerosol Dissemination TestFacility; CRTI FOR 008, $600K)•Outcomes:Financial ProvisionsShare of tasks FY05 FY06 TotalU.S. (CDC via TSWG) $678K $678KU.S. TSWG $ 47K $44K $ 91KCanada $ 33K $36K $ 69KTotal $758K $ 80K $838K- Clearly quantified risk and identified areas of weaknessin existing and proposed response procedures- Developed new protocols with reduced risk fromsecondary aerosolization- Established capability to conduct further assessments•Outputs / deliverables:- Kournikakis et al (2009) Statistical analysis of bacterialspore aerosols created by opening a spore containing“Anthrax Letter” in an office, Aerosol Science 40:514-22- Kournikakis et al (2009) Anthrax Letters: PersonalExposure, Building Contamination and Effectiveness ofImmediate Mitigation Measures, J. of Occupational andEnvironmental Hygiene. (in press)

Evidence Based Risk Assessment of ImprovisedChemical And Biological Weapons•CRTI-05-0121RTD• Start: Jun 06• Finish: Mar 11• Financial: $660,100, in kind: $768,796• Partners: CSIS, DRDC Suffield, RCMP, DNDJ2STIObjectives:a) To develop procedures for assessingterrorist scenariosb) To assess potential scenarios ofparticular concern in the Canadiancontextc) To identify CB agents of concernd) To identify indicators of terrorist activity•Outcomes:• Objective procedure for scenario assessment• Assessed scenarios that can be used inacquisition, design, mitigation and training• List of potential agents of concern• List of terrorist indicators•Outputs /deliverables:• Presentations at scientific meetings• Technical reports and guidebooks•Contact:•Dr SJ Armour•DRDC Suffield•joan.armour@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Towards an Operational Urban Modeling System forCBRN Emergency Response and PreparednessOutcomes/Deliverables:• Development of unique multi-scale urban flowand dispersion modeling system that will befully integrated into government operationscentre to provide CBRN operational modelingtools and servicesObjective:• To transition a validated state-of-the-science,multi-scale urban flow and dispersionmodeling system towards the status of afully functional operational system in agovernment operations centre (CMC-EERS)• To provide a key-enabling technology forgovernment operations centre to serve as24/7 National Reachback and Support Centrefor CBRN planning, real-time assessment,and emergency response in Canada• Products and capabilities from modelingsystem will be accessible to decision makersand emergency response managers at all levelsof government to support the full spectrum ofCBRN functions (e.g., pre-event scenarioplanning, emergency preparedness, response,and post-event reconstruction and assessment)• Provide modeling support for major events ofNational SignificanceCRTI-07-0196TD:Start: September 2008End: September 2011Total Funding: $2.2 M + $1.2 M In-kindPartners: DRDC Suffield, EnvironmentCanadaContact: Dr Eugene YeeDRDC Suffieldeugene.yee@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Adaptive Sensor/Model Data Fusion for Force ProtectionOutcomes/Deliverables:• 24/7 National Reach Back Centre for support ofcivilian/military responder– CBRN sensor data fused with modelpredictions for source term estimation– state-of-the-art consequence assessmentand course-of -action analysis products– internet and Web-space technologies forrapid/timely dissemination of hazard predictionproductsObjective:• Greatly improved situational awareness andCOPE for shaping battle space against CBthreats• To develop a key-enabling technology foroptimal fusion of CBRN concentrationsensor data with model concentration data(from advanced dispersion models) forsource term characterization• To provide flexible and robust data-drivenmodeling capabilities that are suitable forfuture operational integrationCRTI-07-0196TD:Start: September 2008End: September 2011Total Funding: $ 150 KPartners: Environment CanadaContact: Dr Eugene YeeDRDC Suffieldeugene.yee@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

y sx sActual Q:source– Example of source reconstruction incomplex urban environment– Source location and emission ratedetermined using concentrationmeasurements from 9 detectors– Building-aware flow and dispersion modelsused2.0 g s -1Emission rate• Capability developed for inverse source determination for clandestinereleases of CBRN agents• Sensor-driven modeling paradigm for source reconstruction results insignificantly improved situational awareness and COPE in CBRN battle space

DRDC Suffield Biotechnology Section•Research into medical countermeasures (MCS) to biological agents andinfectious diseases (biological attack, endemic diseases)- focus on broad spectrum and post-exposure MCs- bioterrorist threat, overseas deployments•Research in bacterial and viral pathogenesis and infectivity models•Technology watch/incorporation: advances in biotechnology that impactmedical countermeasures or new disruptive threats•New areas for research – control of inflammation and stem cell technologyPartners:Canadian Forces Health ServicesDirectorate Science & TechnologyIntelligenceSOFCOMHealth CanadaCanadian Food Inspection AgencyCanadian universitiesCanadian industryNATO Research and Technology OrganizationContact: Dr Les NagataDRDC Suffieldles.nagata@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Core Biotechnology CentreObjectives:• To develop and to provide core molecular biologycapabilities and deliverables for the research anddevelopment program.• To develop and to provide core Biosafety Level 3(BSL-3) capabilities and deliverables for theresearch and development program.• To develop humanized antibody therapeutics tobiological agents.Outputs:• Proof-of-concept for humanized antibodies toVEE and anthrax• Perform DNA sequencing• Clone and sub-clone selected genes forexpression• Produce and purify recombinant and nativeproteins• Analyze of gene and protein expression in avariety of samples• Immunological and physical characterization ofcells and isolated proteins• Design and produce new expression vectors• Perform pathogenesis studies for BW agents insupport of other DRDC projects• Produce and inactivate antigens (and othersubunits such as nucleic acids)• Perform challenge studies of candidate vaccinesand therapeutic products using animal models• Provide core Quality Assurance/Quality Control/Good Laboratory Practice capabilities anddeliverables for the R&D programContact: Dr Les NagataDRDC Suffieldles.nagata@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Broad Spectrum Antiviral/Adenoviral VectorTechnologyOutputs:• A trivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccine forthe alphaviruses proof-of-principledemonstrated• A broad-spectrum interferon-basedtherapeutics for pre- and post-exposureprotection against the alphaviruses andEbola• Novel antiviral drug candidates by exploringthe mechanism of innate immune responseagainst viral threat agents• Characterization of immune response toadenovirus-based vaccine for thealphavirusesObjectives:• Explore adenovirus-based vector technology• Develop vaccines and broad-spectrumtherapeutics for pre- and post-exposureprotection against viral threats• Develop a single-dose, fast-acting vaccine forthe alphavirusesStart: April 2008End: March 2012Partners: Canadian Forces Health ServicesContact: Dr Josh WuDRDC Suffieldjosh.wu@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Objectives:Bacterial Virulence Factors/ Glanders andMellioidosis• Produce a singlevaccine/immunomodulator that willprotect/treat the CF/First Responders fromseveral bio-threat agents• Develop medical countermeasures againstglanders and melioidosis (Burkholderiamallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei)Outputs:• Proof-of-concept for effective subunit vaccineto melioidosis/glanders• Cloning and sub-cloning of selected genes forexpression• Production of deletion mutants for selectedgenes• Analysis of gene and protein expression intularemia.• Evaluation of cross-protection in Brucella andtularemia• Characterization of immune response(cytokines, antibodies, T-cell subsets) tovaccinesStarted: April 2008Ends: March 2012Partner: Canadian Forces Health ServicesContact: Dr John CherwonogrodzkyDRDC Suffieldjohn. Cherwonogrodzky @drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Antimicrobial Discovery and DevelopmentObjectives & Rationale• To discover and develop novel drugs andbiologicals for the treatment of BW andendemic disease agents.• Infectious diseases remain a constantthreat to the Canadian Forces and thegeneral public. The lack of effectiveantimicrobial agents for several identifiedthreat agents, and the increasingevolution of drug-resistant forms of others,requires the identification anddevelopment of novel methods andagents for treating these diseases.Outputs:• Evaluation of novel antiviral agents includingmicroRNAs, catalytic nucleic acids and novelnatural compounds (dengue, WEE, flu).• Evaluation of RNA interference as an antiviralstrategy (alphaviruses).• Evaluation of novel formulation and deliverytechnologies, including PEGylated RNA andnanotechnology (dengue, WEE, flu, alphaviruses).• Identification of novel drug targets in selectedorganisms (anthrax, TB, malaria).• Construction of novel prokaryotic and eukaryoticexpression vectors for drug targets.• Evaluation of antibacterial agents against selectedorganisms (anthrax, TB).Absorbance 650nm0.300.250.200.150.100.050.000.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000µM Canaline% Survival1008060Untreated ControlNaked TS-3ODN-CS4LIP-TS340200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Days Post InfectionStarted: April 2008Ends: March 2011Contact: Dr Brad BergerDRDC Suffieldbrad.berger@drdc-rddc.gc.caMr Jonathan WongDRDC Suffieldjonathan.wong@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Mechanisms of Immune ModulationObjectives & Rationale• To delineate mechanisms of protection affordedby vaccine candidates and immunomodulators.• To develop novel therapeutic agents for themitigation of deadly cytokine storms caused byBW threat agents.• Immune responses to vaccines andimmunomodulators are complex and involve avariety of biomolecules. The multiparameterevaluation of these responses is essential for thedevelopment of countermeasures to BW threatagents. A wide range of BW agents are known toinduce a severe overreactive immune responsein the body, known as a cytokine storm. Medicalcountermeasures to control cytokine storms mustbe an adjunct to agent-specific therapy in order toimprove survival.Started: April 2008Ends: March 2011Contact: Mr Jonathan WongDRDC Suffieldjonathan.wong@drdc-rddc.gc.caOutputs:• Efficacy testing of oligos in appropriate models forcytokine storm.• Pre-clinical development of PEGOS.• Cytokine profiling of ricin exposure.• Design and development of ricin therapeutic toenhance survival.• Mechanisms of protection of Brucella polysaccharidesubunit vaccine.• Determine effectiveness of β1-3 glucans in mouseinfluenza model.• Determine mode of action for β1-3 glucans againstanthrax.• Immunoprofiling of alphavirus-adenovirus vaccine.

CiproPlusObjectives & Rationale:To develop a portable fieldable aerosol delivery device formulated with liposome-encapsulatedciprofloxacin for the protection of CF against inhalation forms of bacterial BW agents, includinginhalational anthrax.The respiratory tract is the most common route of entry for infection, and inhaled forms of BW agents arethe most deadly and most difficult to treat. The use of aerosol drug delivery employing a liposomedelivery platform offers the opportunity to achieve high therapeutic drug levels in lungs and increases thedrug therapeutic index. This project aims to formulate liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin into a stabledry powder product for delivery by a portable aerosol inhaler device.Outputs:• Completion of pre-clinical development ofaerosolized liposome-encapsulated (LE)ciprofloxacin.• Complete testing of LE Ciprofloxacin againstanthrax (collaboration with Southern Research)• Dstl to test LE Ciprofloxacin against F. tularensisin aerosol mouse challengeContact:Mr Jonathan WongDRDC SuffieldJonathan.wong@drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Counter Terrorism Technology Centre - DRDC SuffieldStatisticsFYNo ofNationsStudentsStudentTrainingDaysActualTrainingDays06/07 29 2119 7947 22107/08.13 1596 9121 20308/09 14 2189 14597 26009/10(estimate)16 2100 15000 250The mandate of the Counterterrorism TechnologyCenter is to leverage from the knowledge base ofthe CB research program at DRDC Suffield to;1. Provide CBRNE advanced, collective live agenttraining to the Canadian Forces, domestic firstresponders, international military and first responsegroups.2. Test and evaluate products for use in the CBRNthreat environment for the Canadian government andindustry.3. Safely receive and process samples collected from asuspected CBRNE event to forensics evidencestandards.4. Provide scientific specialist support to agenciesresponding to a domestic CBRN incident.ContactChris CorryHead Training Section, CTTCDRDC Suffield(403)544-4263FAX (403)544-4959Chris.Corry@drdc-rddc.gc.cawww.suffield.drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Food Vulnerability AssessmentsScope: Government of Canada isassessing vulnerabilities of thefood supply to intentionalcontamination, a risk assessmentminus Intent and Capability. Allmicro and chemical agents areincluded in the assessment.Systems Based: Characterize theglobal supply chain for a food ofinterest and assess thevulnerabilities and impacts of thechain on the agent of choice.Methodology: Three methodologiesare being developed and/orvalidated: facility based, systemsbased and food processing stepbased methods.Food Processing Based:Assess the vulnerability to andconsequences of anintentional attack at eachunique food processing stepin the Canadian food supplychain.