Chapter 13 The Way West - Rose State College

“Liquid Highways” into the West• Down the Ohio – Up and Down the Mississippi – Up the Missouri,Red, Arkansas and Kansas rivers-to the West.• Santa Fe Trail followed the Arkansas River• Oregon Trail followed the Kansas River to the Republican River tothe Platte and North Platte rivers.Ch 13 Way West (19) 3

1 Die relativen Häufigkeiten eines stetigen Merkmals sind in folgendemHistogramm dargestellt:Das arithmetische Mittel istA: 8,0 B: 7,4 C: 7,0 D: 6,6 E: 6,2 F: 5,8Wie ist g 3 zu wählen, damit Median und arithmetisches Mittel zahlenmäßigübereinstimmen?G: 17,8 H: 17,2 I : 17,0 K: 16,8 L: 16,2M: 14,8 N: 14,2 P: 14,0 R: 10,0S: Eine derartige Wahl von g 3 ist nicht möglich.L Ö S U N G S L I S T EZum wievielten Male nehmen Sie an der Statistik-Klausur teil?1. Versuch 2. Versuch 3. VersuchAufgabeNr.Lösungbitte freilassenAufgabeNr.Lösung1 E H 21 D2 E L 22 E3 E K 23 C H S4 A 24 H N5 C K 25 B F M N6 D I T 26 P7 E G 27 D F H K8 E 28 H9 C 29 B C D F G H10 A E F 30 A F G11 S 31 C12 K 32 C F H L13 L14 E15 D L R W16 B D H I17 D E G K18 E *19 B20 D Gbitte freilassen* in dieser Aufgabe wird nur die erste Teilfrage gewertet

Santa Fe Trail 1832-18401840• 1821 - Mexico won independence from Spain and months later, WilliamBecknell's party from Missouri arrived in Santa Fe to a great welcome.• 1832. Judge William C. Carr from St Louis (m. Dorcas, sister of Wm Bent)followed Santa Fe Trail and traded his goods for 10,000 silver pesos at Santa Fe.• On his way home across the Texas Panhandle, a band of Kiowas captured all ofthe silver pesos.• For Years, the Kiowas had the most handsome silver accessories on theGreat Plains.Ch 13 Way West (19) 5

Bent’s s FortWilliam Bent“Hook Nose”1809 – 1869His two wives wereCheyenne sisters. Hehad five children.• William Bent andCeran St Vrain, of StLouis, constructedBent’s Old Fortbetween 1832-33.• Immensely popular itwas riddled withdisease and abandonedin 1849.His brother Charles Bentwas the first TerritorialGovernor of New MexicoCh 13 Way West (19) 6

Oregon Trail 1830-18601860• First Travelers• 1811. Robert Stuart, led an expedition funded by John Jacob Astor.• Stuart discovered a 20-mile gap in the Rocky mountains coming back fromhis trip down the Snake River. He named the route “South Pass.”• 1842. The Oregon Trail increasingly became crowded by settlers and in 1849was practically overwhelmed by California gold rushers.Ch 13 Way West (19) 7

The Great Plains Indian FrontierBuffalo hunter killed by the Cheyennes only afew miles from Fort Dodge, Kansas, 1872• 1750-1800. Indian HorseCulture spreads over theGreat Plains.• 1804-25. White Explorers.• 1825-60. Fur Trappers andTraders.• 1840-80. Settlers.• 1825-80. Army posts coverthe West.• 1880. F. J. Turner declaresthe West settled.Ch 13 Way West (19) 8

1821 Mexican Border• 1821. Mexicans win theirIndependence from Spain– American trader Biddleintrudes into New Mexicowith great success.• 1824. The MexicanConstitution, prohibitingslavery, is adopted.• 1836. Texas Revolution.• 1846. Texas becomes statefollowed by New Mexico,and California territories.Ch 13 Way West (19) 9

First Settlement in Texas“La Casa Piedra” 1779Old Stone Fort, Nacogdoches• 1779. Antonio Gil Y‘ Barbo,a prominent Spanish trader,led settlers a thousand milesfrom Mexico City toNacogdoches.• The Spanish in Mexico Citydesignates Nacogdoches as anofficial “Pueblo” (chartered town).• Y’ Barbo built a “Stone Fort”which exists (rebuilt) now asa museum on the Stephen F.Austin University campus inmodern Nacogdoches.Ch 13 Way West (19) 10

Texas Rebellion Dec. 1835 - Apr.1836Antonio Lopez deSanta Anna1794-1876• Santa Ana's repudiation ofMexico's 1824 Constitutionwas instrumental in sparkingseveral provincial uprisingsacross Mexico and ultimatelyled him to attack the Texasrevolutionaries.• Against Texas (and other rebelprovinces) Santa Ana imposeda strict "take-no-prisoners"policy which he carried outunmercifully both after theAlamo fell and at Goliad.Ch 13 Way West (19) 11

William B. TravisThe AlamoJanuary to March 6, 1836• January 10. William B. Travisage 26, assumed command of theruined mission officially calledSan Antonio de Valero.– He and the other Anglos called theplace Cottonwood “The Alamo.”• Jan-Feb. Gen. Sam Houston sentmessengers to the Alamoordering Travis to abandon theplace and join his main army.• Travis refused and convinced120 fighters to stay.Ch 13 Way West (19) 12

“Remember the AlamoRemember the Alamo”• Feb. 23. Santa Ana arrivedwith his army and in threeweeks, surrounded the Alamo.• March 2. Texas proclaimed itsindependence at Washingtonon-the-Brazos.• March 6. At two o:clock in themorning, Santa Anna launchedthe final attack on the Alamo.• Dawn. After a four-hour battle,the fortress fell and all 120Texicans, and Americans werekilled or executed.Ch 13 Way West (19) 13

Sam Houston “The Raven”Samuel Houston1793-18631863• 1828. Governor of Tennessee, age 34.• 1829. Married to a young beauty, hismarriage fails, he resigns and movesto Ft. Gibson, Indian Territory.• 1830. Marries Tiana Rogers in IT.• 1833 May. Leaves Ft Gibson for Texas.• 1835, summer. Named Commander inChief of Texas army.• 1836, April 21. Defeats Santa Ana atSan Jacinto.• 1836, Oct 22. Elected first president;with vice president Mirabeau B.Lamar- of the Texas Republic.• US Senator, Texas Governor (twice).Ch 13 Way West (19) 14

Victory over Santa AnaCreates a Texas RepublicBattle of San Jacinto, April 21 1836Battle of San JacintoHouston was wounded• After retreating half way acrossTexas, Sam Houston and Col. EdBurleson led 783 men againstSanta Anna’s camp of 1,500 mennear a Brazos River swamp.• The result was a complete rout:Texans lost eight killed, 20wounded after killing 630 andwounding 208 Mexican soldiers.• Santa Ana was captured trying tohide among his captured soldiersthe next day.Ch 13 Way West (19) 15

Indian War along the Texas FrontierCynthia Ann Parker 1825Cynthia Ann Parker1825-1871with Prairie Flower1825-18711871• May 19 1836 (two months after theAlamo) Wichita and Comanchewarriors attack Parker's Fort, inLimestone Co. (nr Groesbeck, Tx).• Cynthia Ann’s father, uncle andseveral cousins were killed.• Her aunt, mother and brother werecaptured.• At age 8, Cynthia Ann is sold to theQuahada Comanches with whomshe lived for 25 years.• As wife of Peta Nacona, she hasthree children, including Quanah.Ch 13 Way West (19) 16

Quanah chief of IT ReservationComanchesQuanah 18431843-19111911Son of Cynthia Ann• 1843. b. Near Cedar Lake, Tx. At age 24,he is a young warrior-chief of theQwahadi Comanches operating from thecenter of the Staked Plains.• 1867-1875. Quanah leads an alliance ofvarious bands warriors and raids Texassettlements and cattle ranches.• 1873-75. Col. McKenzie and the 4 th USCavalry track him down.• 1875, summer. Quanah rides into FortSill, IT and throws down his rifle,signaling the surrender of all Comanches.• 1875-1907. He becomes Chief of theComanche Reservation at Fort Sill.• 1905, March. He rides in a car withGeronimo during President TheodoreRoosevelt’s inauguration parade.Ch 13 Way West (19) 17

1889 Indian Territory• IndianTerritory wasthe designatedrefuge forEastern andPlains Indiantribes.• When openedfor settlement,Oklahoma isthe last vestigeof the OldAmericanWest.Ch 13 Way West (19) 18

The Life of George Bentby George E. Hyde (1968)• Son of William Bent,George Bent (1843-1917) was collegeeducated; a Confederate soldier anda Cheyenne warrior.• In IT, he wrote for noted scholarGeorge Bird Grinnell. Bent gatheredgroups of Indians for interviews andtranslated Grinnell's questions.• Bent met George Hyde in 1905 whenHyde was working for Grinnell.• Hyde and Bent wrote a manuscriptthat documents Amer-Indian life onthe Plains before 1875.Ch 13 Way West (19) 19