The Arts in Schools - Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
The Arts in Schools - Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation The Arts in Schools - Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
they will all be equally gifted in teaching poetry, drama,prose, or 'skills'. A timetable which allocates each teacherseparately and unalterably to one group for one year ismaking no allowance for these differences and may wellbe skewing the pupils' English diet. . . since most teachersare most successful and confident when performing inwhat they regard as their own best field and circumstances,they are most likely to respond to a timetablewhich allows them as much freedom as possible to meettheir criteria. Equally, dynamism, rethinking and a redefinitionof objectives may not flourish if the timetableencourages the static to remain so and stultifies invention.'(DBS, 1977, p65)Many teachers have neither the experience nor the confidenceto press for new patterns of timetabling and tendinstead to suffer the problems of the present. Initial trainingcourses tend to be peremptory in such matters, concentratingon subject-specialisms and encouraging little thought aboutthe curriculum as a whole. There is an important role herefor in-service training in giving teachers the knowledge andskills needed to participate confidently in the curriculumplanning and policy-making which is vital in the arts.123 Senior We concluded our discussion of the arts in primary schoolsstaff by hoping for more teachers with interests in the arts to beappointed to positions of responsibility. Equally we wouldencourage such teachers in secondary schools to aim in duecourse for senior positions and for headships. Undoubtedly,'Five hundred Headmasters and Headmistresses trained inArts, Drama, Dance and Music as their main interestwould make more difference in ten years than all theWhite and Green Papers.' 7124 Speaking Some existing head teachers may fear that generous profromvision for the arts may have adverse effects on discipline orexperience detract from other work. We have presented our argumentsfor the arts, but, in the end, nothing is more persuasive thanexperience. The experience of the following head teacheris an eloquent illustration.'My faith in the importance of the arts stems from myfirst headship of a Secondary Modern School in the"Potteries" which I took over in 1960. This school hadacute problems of discipline, standards and parent support.Alongside the revisions to the curriculum and teachingmethods, we introduced drama, a creative approach to77
78literature and put money and resources into art andmusic. All of these changes cumulatively transformedthe school within three years. There is it seems to me adirect link between the attitudes of students and theplace that the arts occupy in the life of the school.All the arts subjects are governed by discipline andthis is the feature which is most often forgotten. Butthe ballet dancer, the musician in an orchestra, the writerstruggling for the exact phrase will know the meaning ofdiscipline. In most of the areas the discipline embracesthe mind and the emotions and the body. This is not thediscipline that relies on a display of strength but whichdepends upon the skill of creating something. Successfulteachers in literature or music or drama all offered anddemanded quality with no concessions. Demands weremade: there was pride in standards, skill and attainment.As in all education, expectations rule. As a headmaster Ihave found that the important thing is to give my teachersof drama, art and music, the rooms and the timetablethey need. Drama done in odd periods must be inconclusive.By the time the teacher has obtained the atmospherehe wants, the bell goes and the work is broken off.At my second school, money and resources includingteaching strength were also put into the arts. This wasbecause the creative experience in these areas developedconfidence and satisfaction for the students. It was becausethey developed powers of expression and communication,sensitivity and responsiveness.I have no doubts, having applied this principle to threeschools, that good arts teaching brings in a tone of greatersympathy and understanding. Pupils are more responsive.It is possible to move them with words. There is not inthem that hardness which breeds hardness. When I firstcame to my present school, I was staggered by the aggressivenessand roughness of the students. Now, five years later,that is gone. I attribute much of that to the effects of artsteaching. Where students are more sensitive to atmosphereand speech, the teachers in all subjects have an easiertime. Among the greatest virtues the arts offer is the risein self-esteem that comes from creation. As a studentstruggles to express him/herself or communicate throughthe arts, that sense of identity eliminates the desire to benoticed in less attractive ways.I have always been proud of the record my schoolshave had for lack of aggression and vandalism. So in my20th year of Headship I am running a large ComprehensiveSchool in which the Arts Faculty — responsible for music,drama, and art — has 12 teachers and over one sixth of
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they will all be equally gifted <strong>in</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g poetry, drama,prose, or 'skills'. A timetable which allocates each teacherseparately and unalterably to one group for one year ismak<strong>in</strong>g no allowance for these differences and may wellbe skew<strong>in</strong>g the pupils' English diet. . . s<strong>in</strong>ce most teachersare most successful and confident when perform<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>what they regard as their own best field and circumstances,they are most likely to respond to a timetablewhich allows them as much freedom as possible to meettheir criteria. Equally, dynamism, reth<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g and a redef<strong>in</strong>itionof objectives may not flourish if the timetableencourages the static to rema<strong>in</strong> so and stultifies <strong>in</strong>vention.'(DBS, 1977, p65)Many teachers have neither the experience nor the confidenceto press for new patterns of timetabl<strong>in</strong>g and tend<strong>in</strong>stead to suffer the problems of the present. Initial tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gcourses tend to be peremptory <strong>in</strong> such matters, concentrat<strong>in</strong>gon subject-specialisms and encourag<strong>in</strong>g little thought aboutthe curriculum as a whole. <strong>The</strong>re is an important role herefor <strong>in</strong>-service tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> giv<strong>in</strong>g teachers the knowledge andskills needed to participate confidently <strong>in</strong> the curriculumplann<strong>in</strong>g and policy-mak<strong>in</strong>g which is vital <strong>in</strong> the arts.123 Senior We concluded our discussion of the arts <strong>in</strong> primary schoolsstaff by hop<strong>in</strong>g for more teachers with <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>in</strong> the arts to beappo<strong>in</strong>ted to positions of responsibility. Equally we wouldencourage such teachers <strong>in</strong> secondary schools to aim <strong>in</strong> duecourse for senior positions and for headships. Undoubtedly,'Five hundred Headmasters and Headmistresses tra<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong><strong>Arts</strong>, Drama, Dance and Music as their ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>terestwould make more difference <strong>in</strong> ten years than all theWhite and Green Papers.' 7124 Speak<strong>in</strong>g Some exist<strong>in</strong>g head teachers may fear that generous profromvision for the arts may have adverse effects on discipl<strong>in</strong>e orexperience detract from other work. We have presented our argumentsfor the arts, but, <strong>in</strong> the end, noth<strong>in</strong>g is more persuasive thanexperience. <strong>The</strong> experience of the follow<strong>in</strong>g head teacheris an eloquent illustration.'My faith <strong>in</strong> the importance of the arts stems from myfirst headship of a Secondary Modern School <strong>in</strong> the"Potteries" which I took over <strong>in</strong> 1960. This school hadacute problems of discipl<strong>in</strong>e, standards and parent support.Alongside the revisions to the curriculum and teach<strong>in</strong>gmethods, we <strong>in</strong>troduced drama, a creative approach to77