ACTA UNIVERSITATIS PALACKIANAE OLOMUCENSIS GYMNICA ...

Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Gymn. 2004, vol. 34, no. 2 39wall, dorsal pelvic fl exion is evoked involving the backmuscles and the ischiocrural muscles. The bias positionof the pelvis on a frontal level is exerted by m. latissimusdorsi and m. quadratus lumborum. The condition of thesemuscles ranged from very good to excellent.Three of the tested climbers belonging to the MaturusI (35–38 years) age group have been actively climbingfor 17–22 years, with the achieved performance levelsof between IX–X+. Shortening of the postural musclesoccurred twice at m. trapezius only, muscle shorteningonly once at m. serratus anterior and mm. rhomboidei.Substitute motor stereotypes were not found again.In fact, the group of climbers did not complain ofsubjective pains in individual joint areas, apart fromhand joints in 27.78% and knee joints in 16.67%. Painin the cervical region of the spine was felt by 11.11% ofthe tested.Judoists belonging to the Juvenis (15–17 years) agegroup were below average in both their body height andweight (height 170.23 cm, n.i. = –0.80, weight 58.35 kg,n.i. = –0.86). In adult men (18–23 years) these basicantropometric parameters were within limits of standardvariations (weight 180.0 cm, n.i. = 0.21, weight70.81 kg, n.i. = –0.29), older men (24–29 years) weretaller and had above average weight (height 181.25 cm,n.i. = 0.55, weight 89.88 kg, n.i. = 1.24). For judo itis a remarkable advantage to be in the higher weightcategory because for an individual with these dispositions,it is easier to defend against an opponent whoattempts to destabilize his center of gravity.For an assessment of the overall condition of musclefunctions, we merged the age categories Juvenisand Adultus into one group.The resulting situation was signifi cantly worsethan in the case of climbers (Fig. 1). The highest frequencyof shortening (60% and exceeding 60%) wasshown by the knee flexors and decreasing bundles ofm. trapezius. Muscle groups securing motions in thehip joint were almost at half strength of the group inthe process of shortening, which makes evident thefrequent abidance in flexion positions and insufficientcompensation in the training process. An incorrectattitude to compensation exercises is generally known.These exercises are often considered by trainers andathletes to be a waste of time. Without any statisticalimportance of differences, there were only frequencyfi ndings of shortening at the m.erector spinae andm.pectoralis major dex.The established conditions of shortening correspondto the high percentage of substitution motorstereotypes in the area of hip joint, in the sense of primaryactivation of the hamstrings during extension.This knowledge can further expand the scope ofexercises in health-oriented physical education.Fig. 2Frequency of muscle weakness and substitutional motor stereotypes for the group of judoists (n = 30, 1 = 3.33%)10090807060% 5040302010012muscle, muscular group3456climbersjudoistsjudoistsclimbers1 nape flexion2 trunk flexion3 lower limb extension4 lower limbs abduction5 push-up test6 higher limb abduction