geothermal power plant projects in central america - Orkustofnun

PageAPPENDIX A: FINANCIAL MODEL ............................................................................................... 71APPENDIX B: INCOME STATEMENT ............................................................................................ 72APPENDIX C: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING .......................................................................... 73APPENDIX D: CASH FLOW ............................................................................................................. 74APPENDIX E: BALANCE SHEET .................................................................................................... 75APPENDIX F: PROFITABILITY ....................................................................................................... 76LIST OF FIGURES1. Central America. Net injection by source ...................................................................................... 32. Guatemala: Net injection by source ............................................................................................... 43. El Salvador: Net injection by source .............................................................................................. 44. Honduras: Net injection by source ................................................................................................. 55. Nicaragua: Net injection by source ................................................................................................ 66. Costa Rica: Net injection by source .............................................................................................. 67. Panama: Net injection by source .................................................................................................... 78. Central America: Annual energy prices in the wholesale market .................................................. 79. Central American corporate tax income rates ................................................................................ 810. Central America: average air dry temperature and location of main geothermal areas ............... 1111. Location of main geothermal areas in Central America ............................................................. 1212. Central America: Installed geothermal electricity vs. geothermal potential ............................... 1313. Single flash cycle schematic ........................................................................................................ 1514. T-s diagram of single flash cycle ................................................................................................. 1615. Double-flash cycle schematic ...................................................................................................... 1916. T-s diagram for double flash ........................................................................................................ 2017. ORC cycle with regeneration schematic ...................................................................................... 2118. T-s diagram of an ORC cycle (Isopentane) with regeneration ..................................................... 2219. Specific net power output and separator pressure of SF cycle ..................................................... 2420. Specific net power output and steam quality of turbine output of SF cycle ................................ 2421. Specific net power output and separator pressure from DF cycle ................................................ 2522. Specific net power output and steam quality of turbine output from DF cycle ........................... 2523. Specific net power output from ORC using different working fluids .......................................... 2624. Boiler pressure from ORC using different working fluids ........................................................... 2625. Temperature – Heat transfer diagram for pre-heater and boiler ................................................... 2726. Comparison of specific power output from SF, DF and ORC power plants ................................ 2727. Geothermal developmental project phases ................................................................................... 2828. Specific net power output and specific PEC of SF power plant .................................................. 3329. Specific net power output and specific PEC of DF power plant .................................................. 3330. Specific net power output and specific PEC, from ORC power plant ......................................... 3431. Comparison of specific PEC from SF, DF and ORC power plants ............................................. 3432. Cost breakdown for SF geothermal development in % of total ................................................... 3633. Specific capital cost of geothermal development for SF power plant .......................................... 3734. Specific capital cost of geothermal development for DF power plant ......................................... 3835. Specific capital cost of geothermal development for ORC power plant ...................................... 3836. Comparison of specific capital costs of geothermal development ............................................... 3937. Literature review: specific capital cost of geothermal developments .......................................... 4038. Main components of the financial model and their relationships ................................................ 4339. CCF and FCFE................. ............................................................................................................ 48viii