geothermal power plant projects in central america - Orkustofnun
geothermal power plant projects in central america - Orkustofnun geothermal power plant projects in central america - Orkustofnun
calculation for another separator capacity was obtained using the six tenths factor rule described inSection 5.4.2.5.4.7 PEC of single-flash power plantThe assessment of cost estimation of power plant components is done in order to develop the overallplant capital costs for each scenario. PEC is defined as the summation of all purchase costs of mainequipment. In the case of a single-flash cycle, the main equipment includes a turbine-generator unit, acondenser, cooling tower, cooling water circulation pumps, a separator and a gas extraction system.Figure 28 illustrates that there is an inverse relationship between the specific PEC for SF and aresource temperature between 160 and 340°C. Also, there is an inverse relationship between thespecific PEC of SF and the mass flow rate. It should be noted that the specific PEC presents a 7%variation from a low (300 kg/s) to a high (1,000 kg/s) mass flow rate. The specific PEC of SF isbetween 1021 and 732 USD/kW for 300 kg/s; between 1,061 and 768 USD/kW for 600 kg/s; between991 and 718 USD/kW for 1,000 kg/s.Specific net power output [ kW/kg/s ]FIGURE 28: Specific net power output and specific PEC of SF power plant5.4.8 PEC of double-flash power plant0450160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340Resource temperature [°C]For a double-flash cycle, the main equipment includes a turbine-generator unit, a condenser, a coolingtower, cooling water circulation pumps, a HP separator, a LP separator and a gas extraction system.Figure 29 illustrates that there is an inverse relationship between the specific PEC for DF and theSpecific net power output [ kW/kg/s ]3002502001501005030025020015010050Specific net power outputSpecific PEC (300 kg/s)Specific net power outputPEC (1000kg/s)Specific PEC (600 kg/s)Specific PEC (1000 kg/s)PEC (600kg/s)PEC (300kg/s)FIGURE 29: Specific net power output and specific PEC of DF power plant15001350120010500450.0160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340Resource temperature [°C]900750600900.0750.0600.0Specific PEC [USD/kW]1500.01350.01200.01050.0Specific PEC [USD/kW]33
esource temperature between 160 and 340°C. Also, there is an inverse relationship between thespecific PEC of SF and the mass flow rate. It should be noted that when comparing the double-flash tothe single-flash scenario, specific PEC presents an 18% difference from low (300 kg/s) to high (1,000kg/s) mass flow rates. The specific PEC of DF is between 1,195 and 652 USD/kW for 300 kg/s;between 1,086 and 603 USD/kW for 600 kg/s; between 991 and 718 USD/kW for 1,000 kg/s.5.4.9 PEC of organic Rankine cycle power plantFor an organic Rankine cycle, the main equipment includes a turbine-generator unit, a condenser, aboiler, a pre-heater, a regenerator, a cooling tower, water circulation pumps and working fluidcirculation pumps. Figure 30 illustrates that there is an inverse relationship between the specific PECof ORC and a resource temperature between 100 and 180°C. The specific PEC of ORC is between1,294 and 568 USD/kW for 300 kg/s; between 1,169 and 530 USD/kW for 600 kg/s; between 1,134and 520.7 USD/kW for 1,000 kg/s .Specific net power output [ kW/kg/s ]300250200Specific net power output (isobutane) Specific PEC (300 kg/s)Specific PEC (600 kg/s)Specific PEC (1000 kg/s)1500135012001050150900100750506000450100 120 140 160 180Resource temperature [°C]Specific PEC [USD/kW]FIGURE 30: Specific net power output and specific PEC, from ORC power plant5.4.10 Comparison of PEC between SF, DF and ORCA comparative study of specific purchased equipment costs (USD/kW) between cycles is presented inFigure 31. Figure 24 in Section 4.3.4 illustrates the influence of the resource temperature (°C) and the1400SF (300 kg/s) SF (600 kg/s) SF (1000 kg/s)DF (300kg/s) DF (600kg/s) DF (1000kg/s)ORC (300 kg/s) ORC (600 kg/s) ORC (1000 kg/s)Specific PEC [ USD/kW ]120010008006004002000100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340Resource temperature [°C]FIGURE 31: Comparison of specific PEC from SF, DF and ORC power plants34
- Page 1 and 2: GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMMEHot sp
- Page 3 and 4: This MSc thesis has also been publi
- Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy gratitude to the
- Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTSPage1. INTRODUCTIO
- Page 9 and 10: PageAPPENDIX A: FINANCIAL MODEL ...
- Page 12 and 13: 1. INTRODUCTIONRecent research on r
- Page 14 and 15: 2. CENTRAL AMERICAN DATA2.1 Power p
- Page 16 and 17: 2.2.3 HondurasThe Honduran electric
- Page 18 and 19: NET INJECTION BY SOURCE (2010)INSTA
- Page 20 and 21: income taxes for a period of 10 yea
- Page 22 and 23: annual temperature ranges from 17 t
- Page 24 and 25: egional reconnaissance in 1981ident
- Page 26 and 27: 4. GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICAL POWER ASSE
- Page 28 and 29: The net contribution of that power
- Page 30 and 31: Introducing , = , and , = ,
- Page 32 and 33: 9ProductionWellBoiler5Turbine~1046P
- Page 34 and 35: TABLE 3: Parameters and boundary co
- Page 36 and 37: eaches the maximum limit, and for h
- Page 38 and 39: 160180140160tc vap[i], th vap[i]120
- Page 40 and 41: average results, and combining them
- Page 42 and 43: The base cost ( ) can be calculate
- Page 46 and 47: mass flow rate (kg/s) on the plant
- Page 48 and 49: Table 11 shows a summary of costs f
- Page 50 and 51: 5.6.4 Comparison of capital costs b
- Page 52 and 53: 6. FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT
- Page 54 and 55: 6.2 Model structureThe financial fe
- Page 56 and 57: CCF = EBITDA − ∆Working Capital
- Page 58 and 59: Interest on loansFleischmann (2007)
- Page 60 and 61: IRR30%25%IRR CapitalIRR Equity20%Si
- Page 62 and 63: FIGURE 42: Allocation of funds for:
- Page 64 and 65: 340IRR Free Cash Flow to Equity [ %
- Page 66 and 67: flash technology is between 0.3 and
- Page 68 and 69: Energy Price Availability Factor O&
- Page 70 and 71: FIGURE 50: Density and cumulative p
- Page 72 and 73: In Chapter 6, Figure 44 illustrated
- Page 74 and 75: The internal rate of return is offs
- Page 76 and 77: Cengel, Y. and Tuner, R., 2005: Fun
- Page 78 and 79: IEAb, 2011: Technology roadmap: Geo
- Page 80 and 81: Salmon, J., Meurice, J., Wobus, N.,
- Page 82 and 83: APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL MO
- Page 84 and 85: APPENDIX C: INVESTMENT AND FINANCIN
- Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX E: BALANCE SHEETBALANCE SH
esource temperature between 160 and 340°C. Also, there is an <strong>in</strong>verse relationship between thespecific PEC of SF and the mass flow rate. It should be noted that when compar<strong>in</strong>g the double-flash tothe s<strong>in</strong>gle-flash scenario, specific PEC presents an 18% difference from low (300 kg/s) to high (1,000kg/s) mass flow rates. The specific PEC of DF is between 1,195 and 652 USD/kW for 300 kg/s;between 1,086 and 603 USD/kW for 600 kg/s; between 991 and 718 USD/kW for 1,000 kg/s.5.4.9 PEC of organic Rank<strong>in</strong>e cycle <strong>power</strong> <strong>plant</strong>For an organic Rank<strong>in</strong>e cycle, the ma<strong>in</strong> equipment <strong>in</strong>cludes a turb<strong>in</strong>e-generator unit, a condenser, aboiler, a pre-heater, a regenerator, a cool<strong>in</strong>g tower, water circulation pumps and work<strong>in</strong>g fluidcirculation pumps. Figure 30 illustrates that there is an <strong>in</strong>verse relationship between the specific PECof ORC and a resource temperature between 100 and 180°C. The specific PEC of ORC is between1,294 and 568 USD/kW for 300 kg/s; between 1,169 and 530 USD/kW for 600 kg/s; between 1,134and 520.7 USD/kW for 1,000 kg/s .Specific net <strong>power</strong> output [ kW/kg/s ]300250200Specific net <strong>power</strong> output (isobutane) Specific PEC (300 kg/s)Specific PEC (600 kg/s)Specific PEC (1000 kg/s)1500135012001050150900100750506000450100 120 140 160 180Resource temperature [°C]Specific PEC [USD/kW]FIGURE 30: Specific net <strong>power</strong> output and specific PEC, from ORC <strong>power</strong> <strong>plant</strong>5.4.10 Comparison of PEC between SF, DF and ORCA comparative study of specific purchased equipment costs (USD/kW) between cycles is presented <strong>in</strong>Figure 31. Figure 24 <strong>in</strong> Section 4.3.4 illustrates the <strong>in</strong>fluence of the resource temperature (°C) and the1400SF (300 kg/s) SF (600 kg/s) SF (1000 kg/s)DF (300kg/s) DF (600kg/s) DF (1000kg/s)ORC (300 kg/s) ORC (600 kg/s) ORC (1000 kg/s)Specific PEC [ USD/kW ]120010008006004002000100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340Resource temperature [°C]FIGURE 31: Comparison of specific PEC from SF, DF and ORC <strong>power</strong> <strong>plant</strong>s34
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