Focus on Energy, 2010 - Karanovic & Nikolic

certain plans and programs relating to the environment.EC Directive 2001/80/ECThe so called, “Large Combustion Plant Directive”determines the emission limits of air pollutantsfor plants which use combustible fuels to generateelectricity and/or heat and that have a maximumthermal input greater than 50 MW. The Directivesets different emission limits for new and existingplants. New plants are defined as those that are eitherlicensed before 27 November 2002 or put intooperation after 27 November 2003. This Directiveencourages the combined production of both heatand electricity (cogeneration).EC Directive 1999/32/ECThis Directive lays down the rules to reduce theemission of sulphur dioxide which is produced asa by-product in the process of the combustion ofcertain types of fuels (gas oils and heavy fuel oils).A reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions is to beachieved through the limitation of sulphur contentsin petroleum-derived liquid fuels.EC Directive 97/11/EC amending the EC Directive85/33/ECThis Directive regulates the assessment of the environmentaleffects of certain private and public projects.It envisages that prior to granting consent forthe construction of projects which could have significantimpact on the environment; the developerhas to make an environmental impact assessment.EC Directive 79/409/ECThis, so called “Bird Directive”, regulates the conservationof wild birds their nests, eggs and habitats.This Directive provides a framework for the conservationand management of, and human interactionswith, wild birds in Europe.The Acquis Communnautaire on CompetitionThe acquis communnautaire on competition comprisesthe main areas of EC competition law. Namely,Article 101 (formerly Article 81) concerning theprohibition of cartels, Article 102 (formerly Article82) referring to the prohibition of abuses of dominantpositions and Article 107 (formerly Article 87)regulating the prohibition of state aid. Additionally,Article 106 (1) and (2) (formerly Article 86) regulatingpublic undertakings and undertakings to whichspecial or exclusive rights are granted is also applicableto the adhering parties.The Acquis Communnautaire on RenewablesEC Directive 2001/77/ECThis Directive promotes electricity produced fromrenewable energy sources in the internal electricitymarket. Furthermore, this Directive defines the term‘renewable energy sources’ as wind, solar, geothermal,wave, tidal, hydroelectric, biomass, landfill gas,sewage treatment gas and biogas energies.EC Directive 2003/30/ECThis Directive sets out the rules regarding the use ofbiofuels and other renewable fuels in transportation.According to this Directive, biofuels are bioethanol,produced by the fermentation of plants rich in sugar;biodiesel, a diesel-quality fuel produced from biomassor used frying oils; ETBE, etherized bioethanol; biogas,a fuel gas produced by the fermentation of organicmatter by bacterial populations in the absence of oxygen;biomethanol, a methanol produced from biomass;and bio-oil, an oil fuel produced by pyrolysis.EC Directive 2009/28/ECThis Directive promotes the use of energy from renewablesources and shall subsequently repeal Directives2001/77 and 2003/30 39 . The deadline formember states to transpose this Directive into theirnational legislative is December 2010.39 Previously defined.15FOCUS ON ENERGY