Anoop P -Impact <strong>of</strong> Clinical Pharmacists Counseling on Quality <strong>of</strong> Life in patients with Congestive Cardiac Failure.19. C. Patrick Green, MD, Charles B. Porter, MD, FACC.Development and Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the Kansas CityCardiomyopathy Questionnaire: A New Health Status Measurefor Heart Failure. JAAC 2000; 35.20. Ramesh. A, Parthasarathi.G, Karin, Hansen N. A text book <strong>of</strong>clinical pharmacy practice.New York: Orient longman; 2004: 43-53.21. Johnstone.JM, Vienet. MD. <strong>Practice</strong> standards and definitions.Melbourne: The society <strong>of</strong> hospital pharmacist <strong>of</strong> Australia;1996.th22 Remington The science and practice <strong>of</strong> pharmacy. 19 edition(vol-2). Pennsylvania: Mack publishing company; 2002.23. Lewis.R. k, Lasack.NL, Lambart.BL, Connar.SE. Patientcounseling: A focus on maintenance therapy.54. Americanjournal <strong>of</strong> health system pharmacists; 1997: 2084-2098.24..Vitalina Rhozenfeld, Jean Marie Pflomm, Kulvinder. K. Singh,Michellak. K et al. Assessing the impact <strong>of</strong> consultation with amedication event monitoring system. Hospital pharmacy 1999;34:539-549.<strong>Indian</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Practice</strong> Volume 4 Issue 4 <strong>Oct</strong> - <strong>Dec</strong>, <strong>2011</strong> 72
<strong>Indian</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Practice</strong>Association <strong>of</strong> Pharmaceutical Teachers <strong>of</strong> IndiaRespiratory Tract Problems associated with allergies in Punjab region, India-A survey report1 2 2 2 2 2Singh B * , Mallik S , Kumar N , Ali M ,Mehra R.K , Kumar P1Lovely Pr<strong>of</strong>essional University, Phagwara, Punjab-1444022Translam Institute <strong>of</strong> Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Meerut, UP-250001A B S T R A C TSubmitted: 2/11/<strong>2011</strong>Accepted: 21/11/<strong>2011</strong>Present study was carried out to investigate the factors which are responsible for respiratory tract problems <strong>of</strong>tenly associated with symptomaticallergy. The survey was based on the questionnaire method; it was carried on 126 respondents in LPU (Punjab). Results showed that majority <strong>of</strong>patients were males (58%), female (42%), and were in the age group between 21-30 years (48%). Allergens (smoke/dust 38%, humidity 13%,perfume 16%, powder 15%, food article 2%, poullants 10%, temperature 6%) which led to respiratory tract problem were found more in urbanarea (63%), as compared to rural area (37%). 58% individuals took self medication and 42% got the treatment from registered medicalpractitioner. The present study states that presence <strong>of</strong> allergens and location are the major factors which are responsible for respiratory tractproblems.Keywords: Respiratory tract problems, allergens, smoking, self medicationINTRODUCTIONRespiratory illnesses caused by respiratory infections arecontagious diseases. As early as in 1927, a highly significantcorrelation between overcrowded houses and pneumoniamortality in England and Wales was observed. There is astrong correlation between person per room and number <strong>of</strong>children per family and mortality from broncho pneumonia inchildren. Pneumonia epidemics have also been observed incrowded living conditions in South African mining camps,1and during the construction <strong>of</strong> the Panama Canal.In both children and adults, upper respiratory illness is mainlycaused by viral agents especially the rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza and par influenza virus, adenovirus andrespiratory syncytial virus. Viral infection <strong>of</strong>ten leads tobacterial infection such as pneumonia in the developingcountries. On the other hand, respiratory syncytial virus, parinfluenza viruses type I, II and III, influenza virus type A andB, adenoviruses and enteroviruses mainly cause lower2respiratory illness in children.Malnutrition is generally regarded as a risk factor forrespiratory infection. However, malnutrition is closelycorrelated with crowding, poverty, poor education and poor3housing in developing countries.Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by theAddress for Correspondence:B. Singh, Lovely Pr<strong>of</strong>essional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144402E-mail: santanu.mallik@gmail.cominflammation <strong>of</strong> the airways and variable airflow4obstruction. Self-medication and improper prescriptionstatus is a major era in developing countries in the health,because most <strong>of</strong> the people are economically deprived. Selfmedicationis where an individual treat their ailments andconditions with medicines which are approved and available5without prescription. It causes many complications. Apartfrom this another major problem is improper prescriptionstatus. These changes lead to failure <strong>of</strong> therapy and resistance.Respiratory infection is also one <strong>of</strong> the major problems in the6world.Some studies have observed a relationship between acutelower respiratory tract infection in the first two years <strong>of</strong> lifeand chronic respiratory disease in later life. For example,acute lower respiratory infection in childhood has been7related to chronic cough in young adults , adult mortality is8due to bronchitis, reduced lung function and increased9bronchial reactivity.Early cross sectional studies reported relations between10anxiety and upper respiratory illness , and between lifechanges, maladaptive coping, social isolation, unresolved11role crises with respiratory infections.Previously studied survey reports prove that most <strong>of</strong> thepersons used self-medication mainly for the treatment <strong>of</strong>respiratory tract infection illness such as common cold,.12cough, and feverOne study shows that low socioeconomic status is a risk factorfor a broad array <strong>of</strong> adverse COPD health outcomes.Clinicians and disease management programs should<strong>Indian</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Practice</strong> Volume 4 Issue 4 <strong>Oct</strong> - <strong>Dec</strong>, <strong>2011</strong> 73
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