Oct-Dec, 2011 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Pratham R - A Retrospective Study of Nosocomial infections in Patients Admitted in M.I.C.UOrganismsIsolatedPseudo.AeruginosaUrinary TractInfections2(33.3%)PneumoniaSkin &Softtissue infectionDiseaseGastroenteritisE.coli 2(33.3%) 2(100%)Gram -ve aerobes 1(50%)Candida albicans 1(16.6%)Table 3: Pathogens isolated in various nosocomial infectionsBlood streaminfectionsCoagulase -I'veStaph.Staph. Aureus 1(16.6%) 1(100%)Staph. Epidermidis 1(50%)MeningitisUnidentified 1(50%) 1(50%) 1(100%)Total 6 (100%) 2(100%) 2(100%) 2(100%) 1(100%) 1(100%)Table 4: Device related Nosocomial infectionsType of Nosocomial Type of Device used Infection with device Infection withoutInfection (n)deviceUrinary tract infection (06) Catheter 04 (66.6%) 02 (33.3%)Pneumonia (02) Ventilator support 01 (50%) 01 (50%)Blood stream infections (01) CVP catheter 01 (100%)Others (05) - - 05Total (14) 06 (43.85%) 08(57.14%)In our study, we have isolated the pathogens of the variousnosocomial infections of our target group and found that mostof the nosocomial infections were device related which areshown in Table 4. Urinary tract infection was related tourinary catheter; pneumonia was related to ventilator andblood stream infections were related to CVP catheter.DISCUSSIONThe incidence of nosocomial infections in our study was810.93 % compared to 33.5% by Beaujean et al & 16.02% inthe hospital record of N.M hospital and heart centre.However, our study population consisting of 14 patients outof 128 MICU admissions is a relatively small sample size.The general distribution pattern of the nosocomial infectionsthat emerged in our study showed urinary tract infection(42.85%) to be the most common, followed by pneumonia(14.28%), skin and soft tissue infections (14.28%),gastroenteritis (14.28%), bloodstream infections (7.14%),meningitis (7.14%). In a similar study done by Richards et9al , the distribution was found to be urinary tract infections(31%), pneumonia (27%), bloodstream infection (19%) and10remaining others to be 23 %. Lee et al reported their findingsas UTI (47%), pneumonia (26%) and skin infections (14%).Our study population of 14 patients included 11 male and 03female patients. Similarly with respect to the role played byinvasive devices in contributing to nosocomial infections, ourstudy showed that 66.6% of urinary tract infection, 50% ofpneumonia and 100 % of bloodstream infections could beattributed to the use of invasive devices. According to9Richards et al these are 95%, 86% and 87% respectively, afinding very similar to our study.The pathogen distribution ofnosocomial infections in our study does not differsignificantly with the findings of Richards et al. However, wefound that Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be the predominantcause of nosocomial UTI in contrast to Candida albicans9,11reported by Richards et al . This could be explained bydifferences in geographic locations, nutritional status andhealth care systems.Nosocomial infections add to functional disability, emotionalstress and may, in some cases, lead to disabling conditionsthat reduce the quality of life. In addition, nosocomialinfections have now become one of the leading causes of12death . The impact of nosocomial infections takes on evenIndian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 4 Issue 4 Oct - Dec, 2011 64