Oct-Dec, 2011 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Dinesh KU - Evaluation of the Impact of a Pharmaceutical Care Program for Diabetes Patients in Nepal: A Preliminary StudyTable 6: Mean KAP scores of the patientsControl group Test group-1 Test group-2Baseline (n=10) (n=11) (n=10)(Pre) K A P K A P K A P(Mean ±SD) 1.83±1.9 14.5 ±2.6 1.30 ± 0.4 4.44 ± 2.4 14.54 ± 2.0 1.09 ± 1.0 5.55 ± 2.6 12.9 ± 3.0 2.10 ± 2.8Intervention (n=8) (n=8) (n=9)Post(Mean ±SD) 2.88 ±2.3 14.8 ±4.5 4.37± 2.4 6.55 ± 2.4 13.75 ± 3.9 8.87± 1.1 7.11 ± 2.3 14.77 ± 3.2 9.00 ± 1.6P-values CG pre CG pre CG pre TG-1 pre TG-1 pre TG-1 pre TG-2 pre TG-2 pre TG-2 preVs Vs Vs Vs Vs Vs Vs Vs VsCG post CG post CG post TG-1 post TG-1 post TG-1 post TG-2 post TG-2 post TG-2 post0.120 0.940 0.018 0.001 0.610 0.008 0.004 0.176 0.007Overall Mean ± SD scores of the patients for KAP(Mean ±SD) 19.1 ± 4.2 22.90 ± 3.5 25 ± 7.6(Baseline)(Mean ±SD) 24.5 ± 5.2 38.62 ± 4.9 38.33 ± 4.5InterventionP Values CG pre Vs CG post TG-1 pre Vs TG-1 post TG-2 pre Vs TG-2 post0.012 0.012 0.012K= Knowledge, A= Attitude, P= PracticeGroupsCG (n=10)TG-1 (n=11)ParametersTransportFood on way to the hospitalHospital RegistrationHospital ChargesInvestigation chargesDietary CostMedicines CostADDAntiHTN drugOthersTransportFood on way to the hospitalHospital RegistrationHospital ChargesInvestigation chargesDietary CostMedicines CostADDAntiHTNOthersCost(NRs)500930220298341953796-407799434481488100220200025721098156220343Table 7: Direct cost incurred analysisstBaseline(expenses on 1 Costday visit to hospital) (NRs)Median (interquartilerange)2132 (920-4365)363 (201-623)GroupsCG (n=8)TG-1 (n=8)283001600148425-3358167280555501000289445-89570451Expenses during twomonths study periodMedian (interquartilerange)Difference in cost(NRs) (Less) /Excess904 (491-2046) (1228.00)312 (208-403)(51.00)Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 4 Issue 4 Oct - Dec, 2011 58
Dinesh KU - Evaluation of the Impact of a Pharmaceutical Care Program for Diabetes Patients in Nepal: A Preliminary StudyGroupsTG-2 (n=10)ParametersTransportFood on way to the hospitalHospital RegistrationHospital ChargesInvestigation chargesDietary CostMedicines CostADDAntiHTNOthersCost(NRs)13731420014413154151522035522535stBaseline(expenses on 1day visit to hospital)Median (interquartilerange)711 (443-1362)GroupsTG-2 (n=9)Cost(NRs)119501800157560-17141540317Expenses during twomonths study periodMedian (interquartilerange)1 USD = 72.64 NRs. ADD= Antidiabetic drugs, AntiHTN= AntihypertensiveDifference in cost(NRs) (Less) /Excess618(311-836) (93.00)Comparison of satisfaction scores and Mean scores of thepatients: The satisfaction level for all three groups of patientswas evaluated at baseline and after intervention. The meansatisfaction score of the test group-2 patients after theintervention was 76.66 ± 1.9, this was significantly higher(P=0.008) than the satisfaction score at baseline (44.60 ± 3.8).There was significant improvement in satisfaction level oftest group-1 patient after the intervention (P=0.012) but notmuch significant as compare to test group-2 patients. Thedetails of the satisfaction score and mean scores of diabeticsare mentioned in table 8.DISCUSSION: Diabetes is a chronic disease conditionwhich requires lifelong treatment. Although lifestylemodifications play an important role in diabetes management.Obesity is a major risk factor responsible for causing20diabetes in worldwide population. The present study found alarge number of respondent were overweight [20(64.51%)]2whose BMI was greater than 25 kg/m . This is in concurrencewith the previous study in Malaysia where most of the2 20respondent (67%) were overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m ).Obesity is one of the leading factors to cause diabetes andcardiovascular problems in large population. The reasonbehind the obesity might be high calorie intake, sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical exercise.The present study also focused on pre and post interventionalKAP scores and effect of counseling and education on KAPscores improvement in all three groups. This study found thatthere was improvement in KAP scores of TG-1 and TG-2group patient. There was also a slight improvement in KAP ofCG patient during the study period. But there was nostatistical significant improvement in KAP of all three groups.A study from Glasgow, United Kingdom where they found theimprovement of KAP scores in control and test group subjectbut there was no significant difference in the amount of21change in KAP. Another study from Turkey on healtheducation program for type-2 diabetes mellitus patient andfound that there was significant improvement in knowledge22scores of diabetics after the educational intervention.In this study, the antidiabetic drugs were the commonest classof drugs accounted for 36 (48%) of the total drugs followed bycardiovascular drugs [22 (29.33%)]. Among the antidiabetics,biaguanides accounted for 17(47.22%) followed byGroupsCG(n=10)TG-1(n=11)TG-2(n=10)Total Satisfactionscores (Baseline)Table 8: Mean satisfaction scores of the patientsMean ± SD(Baseline)Groups439 43.90 ± 5.7 CG(n=8)Total Satisfactionscores afterinterventionMean ± SDInterventionP value429 53.62 ± 7.7 CG pre Vs CGpost 0.051496 45.09 ± 8.2 TG-1629 78.62 ± 2.1 TG-1 pre Vs TG-1(n=8)post 0.012446 44.60 ± 3.8 TG-2690 76.66 ± 1.9 TG-2 pre Vs TG-2(n=9)post 0.008Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 4 Issue 4 Oct - Dec, 2011 59
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Daxesh M P - Combating Antimicrobia
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