Oct-Dec, 2011 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Daxesh M P - Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: 2011 is the year of “No action today, No cure tomorrow37. WHO. Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance – World HealthReport on Infectious Diseases 2000. Available from:h t t p : / / w w w . w h o . i n t / i n f e c t i o u s - d i s e a s e -report/2000/other_versions/index-rpt2000_text.htmlAccessed on 4 August 2011.38. Leung E, Weil DE, Raviglione M, Nakatani H. The WHO policypackage to combat antimicrobial resistance. Bull World HealthOrgan 2011; 89:390-392.39. WHO. Community-Based Surveillance of Antimicrobial Useand Resistance in Resource-Constrained Settings: Report onFive Pilot Projects. 2009 March. Available from:http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16168e/s16168e.pdf Accessed on 2 March 2011.40. Antimicrobial Resistance Module for Population-BasedSurveys 2008. Published for United States AgencyInternational Development, Management Science for Healtha n d M a c r o I n t e r n a t i o n a l . A v a i l a b l e f r o m :http://www.measuredhs.com/What-We-Do/Survey-Types/upload/AMR_Mod_8_5_8_FINAL.pdf Accessed on 4August 2011.41. WHO, How to investigate drug use in health facilities: Selectedd r u g u s e i n d i c a t o r s . 1 9 9 3 . A v a i l a b l e f r o m :http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/s2289e/s2289e.pdfAccessed on 4 August 2011.42. How to investigate antimicrobial drug use in the hospital:selected indicators. Workshop on Local and Regional actionsto Address Antimicrobial Resistance. 2008.43. Antimicrobials Use, Resistance and Containment BaselineSurvey Syntheses of Findings. 2009. Published for Drugadministration and control authority of Ethiopia, USAID, andMSH.Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 4 Issue 4 Oct - Dec, 2011 8
Indian Journal of Pharmacy PracticeAssociation of Pharmaceutical Teachers of IndiaIndia's Progress towards the health related Millennium Development Goals - ChildMortality1,2,6 1,2,6 3 4 1,2,5,6Patel I , Chang J* , Srivastava J , Patel I , Balkrishnan R1Clinical, Social and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI48109-1065, USA2Center for Medication Use, Policy, and Economics, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA3E.W. Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio University, 220 Scripps Hall, Athens,OH, 45701-2979, USA4Patel Hospital, Somnath Park, Panchavati, Nasik, Maharashtra 422003, India5Department of Health Management and Policy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA6Center for Global Health, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USAA B S T R A C TSubmitted: 16/9/2011Accepted: 2 /11/2011India has seen unprecedented growth in its economy in the past ten years. At the same time, India now carries 1/6th of the world's population andcarries a large portion of the world's poor. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) put forth by the United Nations contains severalambitious health goals. With India's current population and health status, it plays an important role in meeting the overall MDGs. This reportintroduces child mortality as the 4th health related MDG, discusses India's past efforts to combat child mortality, the current trends in child health,and recommendations to accelerate progress towards reducing child mortality.Keywords: child mortality, WHO, India, global health, MDGsIntroductionHealth related MDGs:United Nation's millennium development goals (MDG) aimat taking steps to accelerate human development across theglobe. They propose a multidimensional approach focusingon various aspects of development involving economic,social, and environmental factors. These goals were proposedin year 2000, and the targets were set for fifteen year duration,i.e. from 2000 to 2015 1. At the end of around two-third of thatduration, we evaluate the progress made towards healthrelated MDGs in India. India, a developing country with thesecond largest population in the world, has recently seensignificant economic growth and social changes and may, insome ways, be considered a case for evaluating MDGs in fastchanging, multidimensional environments.The health related MDGs are the fourth, fifth, and sixth goalswhich focus on addressing some of the most challenginghealth problems across the world. MDG 4 focuses oncontrolling child mortality rates, MDG 5 focuses on reducingAddress for Correspondence:Chang J, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USAE-mail: jochang@umich.edumaternal mortality rates, and MDG 6 aims at controllingincidence and spread of life threatening diseases likeHIV/AIDS, Malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) 2. These healthissues pose different challenges due to the nature of problem.In many cases, other social and economic factors may alsoplay a big role and may make the solution more complex at allstages of MDG initiatives. Due to these complexities, MDGsmake an effort to consider each problem as a unique case withmultifaceted solutions. This essentially implies that owing tothe nature of the problem, the indicators of progress madetowards each goal may be different.In the following sections we review the progress made byIndia towards attainment of the 4th MDG. We first present anoverview of challenges and measures, followed by anevaluation of initiatives and interventions in the past andpresent, followed by a discussion of donor roles and ourrecommendations. A section on donor roles have been addedto discussion of the MDG due to the global nature of MDGattainment efforts. Donor role also gains importance in case ofdeveloping nations because in many cases external financialassistance is required to implement such large scale effortsand unavailability of such resources may prove to be aterminal bottleneck in implementation of initiatives towardsattainment of MDG.Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 4 Issue 4 Oct - Dec, 2011 9
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