Base Station Antenna Systems 2008 Product Selection Guide - AVW

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Applications/Engineering NotesAntenna FundamentalsAbsolute Voltage Level1.51.41.31.21.110.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Elevation Angle (degs)isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole165180195150210Elevation Absolute Voltage Level135225120240105isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole9075255 270 285603004531530330150345Polar Plot Center = 00.2 units/radial division15°/angular division Figure 6Rectangular and Polar Plots of Absolute LinearVoltage Levels for an Isotropic Radiator and aHalf-Wave DipoleAbsolute Power Level21.81.61.41.210.80.60.40.20-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Elevation Angle (degs)isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole165180195150210Elevation Absolute Power Level135225120240105isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole9075255 270 285603004531530330150345Polar Plot Center = 00.2 units/radial division15°/angular division Figure 7Rectangular and Polar Plots of Absolute LinearPower Levels for an Isotropic Radiator and aHalf-Wave DipoleAbsolute Power Level (dBi)50-5-10-15-20-25-30-35-40-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Elevation Angle (degs)isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole165180195Elevation Absolute Power Level (dBi)150210135225120240105255isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipole9027075285603004531530330150345Polar Plot Center = -40 dBi5 dBi/radial division15°/angular division Figure 8Rectangular and Polar Plots of Absolute PowerLevels in dBi for an Isotropic Radiator and aHalf-Wave DipoleRelative Power Level (dB)0-5-10-15-20-25-30-35-40-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Elevation Angle (degs)isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipolehalf-power, -3 dB level165180195Elevation Relative Power Level (dB)15021013522512024010525590isotropic radiatorhalf-wave dipolehalf-power, -3 dB level75270 285603004531530330150345Polar Plot Center = -40 dB5 dB/radial division15/angular division Figure 9Rectangular and Polar Plots of Relative PowerLevels in dB for an Isotropic Radiator and aHalf-Wave DipoleAndrew Wireless Solutions www.andrew.com119
Applications/Engineering NotesAntenna FundamentalsAntenna GainPerhaps the second most important parameter in selecting a base station antenna is gain. Gain isproportional to the product of directivity and the antenna’s efficiency. Directivity is a measure of howan antenna focuses energy, while the antenna’s efficiency accounts for losses associated with theantenna.G = e DG (dBi) = 10 log 10 (e D)whereG = antenna gain relative to an isotropic radiatore = antenna efficiencyD = antenna directivity relative to an isotropic radiatorG (dBi) = D (dBi) – L (dB)whereL = losses due to resistance of conductors, dielectrics,impedance mismatch, polarizationGain is always referenced to an isotropic radiator (a device that radiates energy in all directionsequally). The unit of measure is the dBi. Gain also may be referenced to a half-wave dipole, wherethe unit of measure is dBd. The gain of a dipole is 2.15 dBi or 0.00 dBd.Figure 10 compares the gain of a given antenna rated in dBi (dB with respect to an isotropicradiator) to the same antenna rated in dBd (dB WRT a 1/2 wave dipole).Dipole PatternIsotropic Pattern (0 dBi)Isotropic (dBi)Dipole (dBd)Gain0 (dBd) = 2.15 (dBi) 3 (dBd) = 5.15 (dBi) Figure 10Gain is a function of the frequency, as shown:where = wavelength, mA e = effective aperture area, m 24G = –––– Ae 2wherec = speed of light, m/secf = frequency, Hzc = –– fAs aperture size increases, gain increases. For wireless sector and omni antennas, aperture size ismainly determined by the antenna’s length. In general, gain doubles (3 dB increase) when theantenna length doubles. Practically, as length increases so do the losses, and a length will bereached where any increase in size will not give any substantial increase in gain, due to a matchingincrease in loss.120Andrew Wireless Solutions www.andrew.com
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Base Station Antenna SystemsPRODUCT
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A Clear AdvantageAround the globe,
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Andrew Base Station Antenna (BSA) S
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Andrew Offers You a Complete Line o
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Base Station Antenna Systems Around
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ServicesPlanning SoftwareAASP—the
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Terms and ConditionsWarranty Inform
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Dual BandFeatures and BenefitsDualP
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Dual Band806-960/1710-2180 MHz60-75
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Notes18Andrew Wireless Solutions w
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1800/1900/UMTSFeatures and Benefits
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1800/1900/UMTSSingle Band Sector Ba
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1800/1900/UMTS1710-1880 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1710-2180 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1850-1990 MHz60-75°
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1800/1900/UMTS1850-1990 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1920-2180 MHz80-95°
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700/800/900 MHzFeatures and Benefit
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700/800/900 MHzSingle Band Sector B
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700/800/900 MHz806-896 MHz30 30 30
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700/800/900 MHz806-896 MHz80-95° H
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700/800/900 MHz806-960 MHz80-95° H
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700/800/900 MHz870-960 MHz60-75° H
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WiMAXFeatures and BenefitsSector An
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WiMAXSingle Band Sector Base Statio
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30-512 MHzFeatures and BenefitsGrou
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30-512 MHz30-174 MHz60-75° Horizon
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30-512 MHz406-512 MHz60-75° Horizo
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Teletilt ® Remote Electrical Downt
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Page 97 and 98: Concealment SolutionsOverview Micro
Page 99 and 100: Concealment SolutionsMicro AcCELLer
Page 101 and 102: Concealment SolutionsAntenna Concea
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Page 117 and 118: Applications/Engineering NotesBasic
Page 119: Applications/Engineering NotesAnten
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Page 131 and 132: Applications/Engineering NotesBase
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Page 135 and 136: Notes134Andrew Wireless Solutions
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Page 139 and 140: IndexPart Number Description Page P
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