Base Station Antenna Systems 2008 Product Selection Guide - AVW

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Applications/Engineering NotesBasic Antenna Types Used in Cellular Style SystemsThere are two basic types of base station antennas used in cellular style systems: omni-directional(omni) antennas and directional or sector antennas.Omni antennas are generally used for low capacity sites where sectorization is not required. Typicalexamples are more rurally located sites.Most sites in urban and suburban areas use sectorized antennas to achieve higher capacity. To date,the most popular option is a 3-sector (120°) solution, but 6-sector solutions are used where capacityissues are severe.Diversity/Air CombiningFor many rural and suburban sites, diversity is accomplished using spatial diversity. To achievespatial diversity, two uplink antennas per sector are placed far enough apart so that the signals theyreceive are uncorrelated.High Density Cell Configuration Using Diversity Polarization for Diversity GainThe use of a single antenna containing two arrays at orthogonal polarizations (horizontal/verticalor +45°) is useful in dense urban areas with high multipath. Some studies note that in urban areaswith high multipath, polarization diversity gain results can outperform spatial diversity. The use of aquad or four port +45° antenna can provide for air combining, which is useful in avoiding additionaltransmit combiner losses when overlaying additional frequency.Cell ReuseThe principles behind the cellular concept employ the reuse of frequencies over and over againthroughout the network to gain capacity. Typically cells are represented as hexagons (Figure 1),which shows a reuse pattern of N=7.Depending on the capacity requirement, these cells can have diameters measured either in milesor in hundreds of feet. Since given frequencies are reused throughout the system, the channelsensitivity becomes interference limited rather than noise limited like older non-cellular systems.Therefore it can be seen that specialized pattern shaping, both azimuth and elevation, can go a longway toward optimizing coverage inside the desired sector and minimizing interference from and intoundesired sectors/cells.1A120N = 7D75752132134675467521322 77 4 11 55 6 33 22 7 44 11 5 66 33 2 77 44155 66 3467521321346467521346120°B1CSD 2 = A 2 +B 2 -2ABxCOS(d)D = 5.3SC 2 = S 2 +(C/2) 2S 2 = C 2 -(C/2) 2S 2 = 0.75C 2S = 0.866C Figure 1Andrew Wireless Solutions www.andrew.com115
Applications/Engineering NotesBasic Antenna Types Used in Cellular Style SystemsTypical Antenna InstallationsRxTxRxTxTxTxRxTxRxTxRxRxRxRx Omni Sector/Platform Tower Concealed BuildingShown above are typical 3-sector sites. 6-sector sites are used for additional capacity.116Andrew Wireless Solutions www.andrew.com
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Base Station Antenna SystemsPRODUCT
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A Clear AdvantageAround the globe,
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Andrew Base Station Antenna (BSA) S
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Andrew Offers You a Complete Line o
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Base Station Antenna Systems Around
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ServicesPlanning SoftwareAASP—the
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Terms and ConditionsWarranty Inform
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Dual BandFeatures and BenefitsDualP
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Dual Band806-960/1710-2180 MHz60-75
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Notes18Andrew Wireless Solutions w
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1800/1900/UMTSFeatures and Benefits
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1800/1900/UMTSSingle Band Sector Ba
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1800/1900/UMTS1710-1880 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1710-2180 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1850-1990 MHz60-75°
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1800/1900/UMTS1850-1990 MHz80-95°
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1800/1900/UMTS1920-2180 MHz80-95°
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700/800/900 MHzFeatures and Benefit
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700/800/900 MHzSingle Band Sector B
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700/800/900 MHz806-896 MHz30 30 30
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700/800/900 MHz806-896 MHz80-95° H
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700/800/900 MHz806-960 MHz80-95° H
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700/800/900 MHz870-960 MHz60-75° H
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WiMAXFeatures and BenefitsSector An
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WiMAXSingle Band Sector Base Statio
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30-512 MHzFeatures and BenefitsGrou
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30-512 MHz30-174 MHz60-75° Horizon
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30-512 MHz406-512 MHz60-75° Horizo
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Teletilt ® Remote Electrical Downt
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Page 97 and 98: Concealment SolutionsOverview Micro
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Base Station Antenna Systems 2008 Product Selection Guide - AVW

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