CARGO BUSINESS 2-10.indd - ZSSK Cargo

obchodných podmienok – INCOTERMSal terms – INCOTERMSInternational commercial terms INCOTERMS were first published nearly75 years ago, and since then they have been revised six times. The seventhrevision, which shall come into force on 1.January 2011, has finally beenapproved.Freight transport, as a physical movement of goods from a producer toa consumer, or a movement of material from a producer to another producerPovinnosti zmluvných stránObligations of contractual partiesOKRUHY POVINNOSTÍ / SCOPE OF OBLIGATIONSPREDÁVAJÚCI / SELLERKUPUJÚCI / BUYER1. Poskytnutie tovaru a dokladov 1. Platba za tovarProvision of goods and documents Payment for goods2. Získanie licencií, oprávnení, ralizácia colných formalítObtaining the licenses, authorizations, execution of customsformalities3. Preprava a poistenie (resp. prepravná a poistná zmluva)Shipment and insurance (or contract of carriage and contractof insurance)4. Dodanie tovaru 4. Prevzatie zásielkyDelivery of goodsAcceptance of consignment5. Znášanie rizika (riziko straty alebo poškodenia tovaru, ...)Taking a risk (risk of loss or damage of goods)6. Náklady na / Costs fora) exportné formality (dané, clá, ...)export formalities (taxes, duties...)b) naloženie a vyloženie tovaruloading and unloading of goodsc) prepravutransportationd) poistenie (najmä pri CIF a CIP)insurance (in particular for CIF and CIP)e) tranzitné poplatkytransit chargesf) dodatočné náklady (pre prípad nesplneniapovinností)additional costs (in case of neglect of duty)g) importné formality (dane, clá, ...)import formalities (taxes, duties...)h) ďalšie náklady súvisiace s tovaromother costs related to goods7. Oznámenie kupujúcemu, resp. predávajúcemuNotification to buyer, or seller8. Poskytnutie/prijatie dokladu o dodávke, napr. prepravnéhodokladuProvision/acceptance of document on delivery, e.g. shippingdocument9. Kontrola, balenie, značenieInspection, packaging, labelling10. Iné – napr. zabezpečenie dokumentov, poskytnutie informáciíOther – for example, provision of documents, provision ofinformationof another sector, shall follow the business cases under the sales contract. Ininternational trade, it concerns an exporter and an importer, as contractualparties and an international sales contract, concluded between these twoparties. Besides the subject of trade, price, delivery date, method of paymentand other, sales contract shall also contain the agreement on delivery terms.International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) - (http://www.iccwbo.org/)based in Paris, ICC Commission for Commercial Law and Practice has issuedstandard terms of delivery under the name of International CommercialTerms - INCOTERMS. INCOTERMS become binding for a specific businesscase only in case that the contractual parties refer to them expressly inthe sales contract. They are used in trade with material commodities anddetermine the rights and obligations of the contractual parties as well asdelivery point and transition of risks and costs. Obligations of the contractualparties have been summarized into 10 groups in the issue of INCOTERMS2000 (see diagram). The seventh revision of INCOTERMS, which shall comeinto force on 1.January 2011, has been approved and at the end of June, theInternational Chamber of Commerce informed on possibility to pre-order theissue of INCOTERMS 2010. The English version – Issue of the InternationalChamber of Commerce No. 715E – has been available since the mid-September.Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI), i.e. the NationalCommittee of the International Chamber of Commerce in Slovakia intends topublish the Slovak translation of this issue by the end of 2010.Untill September, the full text of INCOTERMS 2010 was kept in secret.International Chamber of Commerce, however, provided at least selectedinformation on the new version of INCOTERMS. The clauses are clearlydivided into “sea”, or “inland waterway” (FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF) and clausesfor any mode of transport (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP). Insteadof 13 clauses, the issue contains only 11 clauses, while the clauses of DAF,DES, DEQ and DDU are missing in the new list. They are replaced by DAT(Delivered At Terminal) and DAP (Delivered At Place). (See Table – ComparedContents of INCOTERMS 2000 and 2010)The comparison is based on splitting the clauses according to the initialletter, but INCOTERMS 2010 are divided, as already mentioned, dependingon what type of transport they are intended for. Proposal commission forINCOTERMS, in the process of clause adjustment, responded to changesin world trade over the past decade. These changes were, in particular,electronisation of processes and replacement of paper documents byelectronic ones, edition of revised Insurance clauses LMA/IUA - “InstituteCargo Clauses” in 2009, excluding the shipping and delivery terms of the USAfrom the Uniform Commercial Code in the revision of 2004, more intense useof containerization and “door-to-door” deliveries.INCOTERMS 2010 shall be applicable in international and domestic tradeand in the duty-free zones. They should be more acceptable to the Americanusers, so that they can also use them in the Intercontinental trade. Within theProposal commission, eight experts from different countries participated inthe process of preparation of INCOTERMS 2010. This Commission met lasttime in March 2010 in Prague in the premises of the National Committee ofthe International Chamber of Commerce in the Czech Republic, which is veryactive in this area. Let us hope that the translation of INCOTERMS 2010 andrelevant seminar will be available soon also in Slovakia.Viktória VALACHOVIČOVÁThis contribution has been published as a part of IGM 2316071 – Modernstrategies of risk management in global supply chains under conditions ofSlovak companies (comparative analysis, benchmarking)34/35