CARGO BUSINESS 2-10.indd - ZSSK Cargo

mi súčasťami vozňa a to je jeden z hlavných dôvodov, prečo sa musípráve tejto časti venovať veľká pozornosť pri nakladaní a zabezpečení.Musí byť dostatočne zaistený proti posuvom v pozdĺžnom a priečnomsmere. Naloženie a zabezpečenie musí odolať účinkom namáhania počasprepravy (náraz, posun, zrýchlenie a spomalenie pri rozjazde ... ).Zabezpečenie týchto podmienok je možné docieliť priviazaním nákladu(v pozdĺžnom smere) a správnym sedlaním nákladu (priečny smer).Sedlanie nákladu je spôsob uloženia valcovitého tovaru v stohu, kdehorné kusy sú uložené a zabezpečené v sedlách, ktoré vytvárajú kusypod nimi uložené.Zásady sedlovaniaVšeobecné zásady správneho sedlovania nákladu:- priemer sedlaného kmeňa nesmie byť väčší ako priemer kmeňov,ktoré tvoria sedlo,- nerovnako hrubé alebo nerovnako ťažké konce kmeňov sa musiavystriedať,- kmene rôznych dĺžok, hmotností a priemerov musia byť uložené tak,aby ťažšie a dlhé kmene ležali v spodnej časti,- stohy so sedlaným uložením musia byť ukončené v tvare oblúka, týmsa zlepší účinnosť priviazania k vozňu,- sedlaným spôsobom sa nakladajú len dreva rovné a s pevnou kôroupo celom kmeni. Toto umožní docielenie väčšej stability stohu a zároveňjeho správneho zaoblenia v hornej časti.Skôr, než začneme nakladať, uvedomme si, že pri sedlovom spôsobenakládky – nad klanice a akékoľvek pevné súčasti vozňa je drevo držanéiba samé sebou a priviazaním. Akékoľvek podcenenie spomínanýchzásad môže so sebou priniesť nežiadúce následky nielen v podobehmotných škôd, ale tiež v podobe ublíženia na zdraví ľudí.Mgr. Kristína JÁNOŠOVÁsekcia prevádzky a prepravyWhen loading trunk wood, logs, we often face the problems related tothe faulty loading. One of the most serious issues with regard to thedistribution and securing the cargo is the so-called flatrack loadingmethod. This method of loading and securing the wood is usual incases when trying to utilize loading capacity of the wagon to its fullextent.Trunk WoodTrunk wood is hardwood or softwood in the original round shape. Itcomes in different lengths, diameters. It is with or without bark. Thiscategory of wood can include logs, pulpwood, pole timber, firewood.When loading, it is important to bear in mind the basic features oftrunk wood:- Cylindrical shape with a tendency to roll,- Unequal thickness of trunks during loading requires observing theprinciples especially in case of flatrack loading method,- Uneven thickness of the ends of individual trunks requires the loadingin an alternating manner thinner - thicker end on one side of the wagon(observing the principle of even distribution of cargo),- The length of trunks with regard to loading length of the wagon,- Trunk surface - with bark, with no bark,- Weight with respect to the maximum loading capacity of the wagon.Possible methods of securing in the wagonWith regard to the facts mentioned above, when loading it isnecessary to answer the question - what are the possibilities to securethe goods in the wagon? Trunk wood - logs must be loaded in a waythat they are secured in lengthwise and transverse direction of thewagon. In order to secure the goods, the type of wagon to be loadedshould also be taken into account. The main principles that must notbe ignored are especially related to the method of loading, where it isvalid that the trunk wood:is distributed in lengthwise direction of the wagon:a) high-sided wagons (E. ..) - here the wood may be loaded inlengthwise as well as in transverse direction of the wagon. It dependson its length. Wood loaded in lengthwise direction of the wagon will beloaded all over the loading surface so that the wood touches the sidewalls of the wagon. Stronger and thicker wood is loaded at the bottomof the wagon. Wood loaded in the transverse direction of the wagoncan be up to 2.6m long.In this case, the wood must not overlap the upper edge of the side wallby more than half of its diameter. Here, we would like to mention thatit is unacceptable for the wood not to overlap the side wall from oneside and overlap the upper edge of the wagon side from the other side.The argument that the wood is secured from one side of the wagonwall, and that it does not have to be secured from the other side is notacceptable. In this case there is a risk that the wood can fall out.b) platform, low-sided wagons with stanchions (K..., L..., R..., S...).Here the wood is loaded in lengthwise direction of the wagon. Whenloading, the fundamental principle of loading must be respected -strong and thick wood at the bottom, long wood to the stanchions,and short wood in the middle. Trunks touching the stanchions mustbe loaded in a way that they reach at least over 2 side stanchions andoverlap the midpoint of these stanchions always by at least 50 cm. Ifit concerns the wood with coarse bark, then the trunks should overlapthe midpoints of the stanchions by 30 cm.directly touches the sides, sidewalls or stanchions and overlapsthe stanchions by half of its diameter maximally.The outside trunk, touching the wagon wall orthe wagon stanchion cannot overlap the edge ofthe wagon wall or the top of the wagon stanchionby more than half of its diameter and that in theentire length of the trunk.wood with diameter smaller than- 20 cm: effective height of securing by stanchions or side walls of atleast 10 cm,- 10 cm: only under the upper layer secured by stanchions, or sidewalls.Trunks touching the upper edge of the wagon wall or stanchion mustbe of diameter at least 20 cm in order to be protected to a minimumheight of 10 cm. Only in this case, the above-mentioned condition canbe complied with.In relation to these cases, it is important to mention that the top ofstanchion is not a hook welded to its top. Part of the trunk, touchingthe stanchion hook, is not considered to be secured laterally by thestanchion.Flatrack loading methodIn order to utilize the maximum loading capacity of the wagon, it ispossible for the trunk wood to use the method of its loading above the