full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
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Current Trends in <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong>Vol. 5 (2) 1123-1129 April 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1128sensitivity <strong>of</strong> PCR assays (5). Real-time PCRanalysis <strong>of</strong> placental samples identified very fewor no chlamydial genomes, which contrastedsignificantly with samples taken at the time <strong>of</strong>abortion. The results suggested that the low levels<strong>of</strong> chlamydial DNA detected during theperiovulation period <strong>and</strong> at lambing do notsignificantly impact on the epidemiology <strong>of</strong> EAE.In terms <strong>of</strong> flock management, the products <strong>of</strong>abortion should be considered the major <strong>and</strong>principal source <strong>of</strong> infection for transmission tonaïve ewes. (8)The C. abortus was detected by PCR forthe first time in milk samples collected from eweswith EAE history using the IMS technique.However, the absence <strong>of</strong> a C. abortus using PCR<strong>and</strong> IMS in some animals with EAE history doesnot necessarily mean that they were free fromthe disease, as the possibility <strong>of</strong> excretion in milkis considered to be rather low (17). Chlamydiaemay be present in low numbers in ewes <strong>and</strong> shedonly intermittently or that other animals could actas reservoirs <strong>of</strong> infection (3). It is possible thatthe organism did not persist in the aborting ewesor the concentration <strong>of</strong> C. abortus DNA in thereproductive tract <strong>of</strong> persistently infected ewesso low, that it cannot be detected by PCR.The peri-gl<strong>and</strong>ular region <strong>of</strong> basal zone <strong>of</strong>endometrium is an area where infiltratingmacrophages reside (7). Infiltration <strong>of</strong>macrophages in peri gl<strong>and</strong>ular cells may helppresentation <strong>of</strong> chlamydial antigen to be presentedto MHC Class II <strong>and</strong> to stimulate the production<strong>of</strong> systemic antibodies. The serum samples fromthese ewes showed significantly higherchlamydia-specific IgG titre during the period <strong>of</strong>peri-ovulation. This finding is in close agreementwith that <strong>of</strong> Papp et al. (11). There was also anincrease in antibody reactivity during theperiovulation period in 3 <strong>of</strong> the 8 sheep examined,with a slight increase in IgM <strong>and</strong> IgG antibodies.Specific antichlamydial antibodies can neutralizechlamydial infectivity in vitro by preventingattachment to target cells or facilitatingintracellular destruction. In terms <strong>of</strong> flockmanagement, as suggested earlier by manyresearchers (8), the products <strong>of</strong> abortion shouldbe considered the major <strong>and</strong> principal source <strong>of</strong>infection for transmission to naïve ewesReferences1. Bagdonas, J, Petkevicius, S, Russo, P, Pepin,M. <strong>and</strong> Salomskas, A. (2007). Prevalence<strong>and</strong> epidemiological features <strong>of</strong> ovineenzootic abortion in Lithuania. Pol J Vet Sci.,10(4); 239-244.2. Cisláková, L., Halánová, M., Kovácová, D<strong>and</strong> Stefancíková., A. (2007). Occurrence<strong>of</strong> antibodies against Chlamydophila abortusin sheep <strong>and</strong> goats in the Slovak Republic.Ann Agric Environ Med.,14(2); 243-5.3. Clarkson, M. J. <strong>and</strong>. Philips., H. (1997).Isolation <strong>of</strong> faecal Chlamydia from sheepin Britain <strong>and</strong> their characterisation bycultural properties. Veterinary Journal. 153;307-310.4. Creelan, J. L. <strong>and</strong> Samuel J. McCullough.(2000). Evaluation <strong>of</strong> strain- specific primersequences from an abortifacient strain <strong>of</strong>ovine Chalmydophila abortus (Chlamydiapsittaci) for the detection <strong>of</strong> EAE by PCR.Infection <strong>and</strong> Immunity. 1; 103-108.5. Djonne, B., Jensen, M. R., Grant, I. R <strong>and</strong>Holstad, G (2003). Detection byimmunomagnetic PCR <strong>of</strong> Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk fromdairy goats in Norway. VeterinaryMicrobiology 92; 135-143.6. Fukushi, H <strong>and</strong> Hirai, K. (1993). Restrictionfragment length polymorphisms <strong>of</strong> rRNA asRabia Abadía Elzlitne et al