full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (2) 1173-1182 April 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1181Fig 4. Formulations LE4 and LP3 showedmaximum drug permeation among their series.The patches LE1, LE2, LE3, LE4 LP2, LP3 andLP4 could meet the target flux (12.16 µg cm -2h -1 ). However, the formulations showed higherlag times except formulation LE4. Therefore thepatches LE4 (2282.3 µg) and LP3 (2765.7 µg)were considered to be optimum formulations. Inex vivo permeation studies, the permeationpattern is similar to in vitro release pattern. Theresults revealed that LCDP was released fromthe formulation and permeated through ratabdominal skin and hence could possibly permeatethrough the human skin. The permeation profileswere found follow higuchi kinetics as it wasevidenced from correlation coefficients (0.976-0.996)FTIR studies: The FTIR spectral analysis ofLCDP alone showed that the principal peakswere observed at wave numbers of 3349.8,2974.9, 1702, 1675.4, 1496.4 and 1310.8. In thespectra of the physical mixture of LCDP, ERLand PVP were 3349.7, 2979.5, 1702.6, 1675.7,1498, and 1311.3; 3349.4, 2974.5, 1675.8, 1497.9and 1311.3 wave numbers were observed for themixture of LCDP, ethyl cellulose and PVP.However, some additional peaks were observedwith physical mixtures, which could be due to thepresence of polymers. These results suggest thatthere is no interaction between the drug andpolymers used in the study. The polymers usedare in controlled/sustained release matrix typepatches because of their compatibility with anumber of drugs (19).Stability study: The stability of the optimizedformulations (LE4 and LP5) was investigated asper ICH guidelines. On storing the TDDS at atemperature of 40±2 °C/75±5 % RH for 6 months,1.52 % (LE4) and 1.89 % (LP3) degradation wasobserved. As the degradation is less than 5 % inthe formulation, a shelf life of 2 years could beassigned.ConclusionsMatrix type transdermal therapeuticsystems of lacidipine could be prepared with therequired flux having suitable mechanicalproperties. Further work is recommended insupport of its efficacy claims by long termpharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studiesin human beings.AcknowledgementsOne of the authors (Ramesh Gannu) thankAICTE, New Delhi, India for providing financialassistance in the form of National DoctoralFellowship (NDF).References1. Chien, Y. W. (1987). TransdermalTherapeutic System. In Controlled DrugDelivery Fundamentals and Applications,2nd ed.; Robinson, J R., Lee, V H, Eds.;New York: Marcel Dekker, 1987; pp 524–552.2. Kanikannan, N., Andega, S., Burton, S.,Babu, R.J. and Singh, M. (2004).Formulation and in vitro evaluation oftransdermal patches of melatonin. DrugDev. Ind. Pharm. 30: 205-212.3. Lee, C.R and Bryson, H.M. (1994).Lacidipine: a review of its pharmacodynamicand pharmacokinetic properties andtherapeutic potential in the treatment ofhypertension. Drugs 48: 274-2964. Mc Cormack, P.L and Wagstaff, A.J.(2003). Lacidipine a review of its use in themanagement of hypertension, Drugs 63:2327-23565. Mukherjee B, Mahapatra S, Gupta R, PatraB, Tiwari A and Arora P. (2005). Acomparison between povidone-ethylcellulose and povidone-eudragit transdermaldexamethasone matrix patches based on inDevelopment of matrix type transdermal patches of lacidipine