ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 - NIST Visual Image Processing Group ...
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 - NIST Visual Image Processing Group ... ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 - NIST Visual Image Processing Group ...
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic InformationForeword(This foreword is not part of American National StandardANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011)Law enforcement and related criminal justice agencies as well as identitymanagement organizations procure equipment and systems intended to facilitatethe determination of the personal identity of a subject or verify the identity of asubject using biometric information. To effectively exchange identity data acrossjurisdictional lines or between dissimilar systems made by differentmanufacturers, a standard is needed to specify a common format for the dataexchange.• Biometric data refers to a digital or analog representation of a behavioralor physical characteristic of an individual that can be used by an automatedsystem to distinguish an individual as belonging to a subgroup of the entirepopulation or in many cases, can be used to uniquely establish or verify theidentity of a person (compared to a claimed or referenced identity). Biometricmodalities specifically included in this standard are: fingerprints, plantars(footprints), palmprints, facial images, DNA, and iris images. Forensics, as usedwithin the ANSI/NIST-ITL standard, refers to identifying characteristics useful tolaw enforcement or identity management organizations that may be usedmanually to establish or verify the identity of an individual. This includes scars,marks, tattoos, and certain characteristics of facial photos and iris images. Latentfriction ridge prints (fingerprint, palmprint and plantars) are included in thisstandard and may be used in either an automated system or forensically (orboth).• Some data may be stored and/or transmitted in image or processedversions. The image may be ‘raw’ (as captured), compressed, cropped, orotherwise transformed. It is important, therefore that information associated withthe image(s) be transmitted to the receiving organization that fully describes thebiometric data. This standard also allows for the transmission of processedsample data, such as minutiae and other features from friction ridge biometrics.The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) of the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST) sponsored the development of this AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) approved American National Standard usingthe NIST Canvass Method to demonstrate evidence of consensus. This updatedstandard replaces ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2007 and ANSI/NIST-ITL 2-2008 standards.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should besent to the attention ofBrad WingNIST, 100 Bureau Dr, Mail Stop 8940Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8940.e-mail: Brad.Wing@NIST.GovBrad Wing 6/19/10 5:07 PMComment: Note that this change is tospecifically reference forensics in the document.xviii
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic Information1 Introduction1.1 Previous versions of the StandardBrad Wing 6/19/10 5:07 PMComment: This section was re-written tocondense the material. Note the change of thename of the standard itself.The first version of this standard, ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986, was published byNIST (formerly the National Bureau of Standards) in 1986. It was a minutiaebasedstandard. Revisions to the standard were made in 1993, 1997, 2000, and2007. Updates to the standard are designed to be backward compatible, withnew versions including additional information. All of these versions use“Traditional” encoding.In 2008, ‘NIEM 1 -conformant encoding” using Extensible Markup Language (XML)was developed. The 2007 and 2008 versions of the standard are equivalentexcept for the encoding format.In 2009 a minor supplement to the 2007 and 2008 versions was approved thatextended encodings to handle multiple finger capture.1.2 Summary of Changes for this Version of the StandardWith the additional content included in the standard over the years, its name hasbeen changed to reflect that content. Thus, in order to reflect more properly thecontent of the standard, its name, beginning with this version, is changed to:“Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic Information.”The 2011 version results from a workshop held in July 2010 at NIST. Thefollowing summarizes the principal changes reflected in this version:1) Merging of Parts 1 and 2 of the Standard into a content-based standard,with instructions for encoding contained in separate documents external to thestandard.2) Addition of a Record Type-18 for Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).3) Modifications to the Facial records, including:* Separation of Type-10 records - facial or scars, marks, tattoos (SMT)image records - into Type-11 (face) and Type-12 (SMT) record types, withretention of Type-10; and,* Addition of forensic-oriented data fields, including anthropometricmarkup points; and,•1 NIEM, the National Information Exchange Model, is a partnership of the U.S. Department ofJustice and Department of Homeland Security. It is designed to provide a common semantic approach inXML applications.1DRAFT 2
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<strong>ANSI</strong>/<strong>NIST</strong>-<strong>ITL</strong> 1-<strong>2011</strong>Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic InformationForeword(This foreword is not part of American National Standard<strong>ANSI</strong>/<strong>NIST</strong>-<strong>ITL</strong> 1-<strong>2011</strong>)Law enforcement and related criminal justice agencies as well as identitymanagement organizations procure equipment and systems intended to facilitatethe determination of the personal identity of a subject or verify the identity of asubject using biometric information. To effectively exchange identity data acrossjurisdictional lines or between dissimilar systems made by differentmanufacturers, a standard is needed to specify a common format for the dataexchange.• Biometric data refers to a digital or analog representation of a behavioralor physical characteristic of an individual that can be used by an automatedsystem to distinguish an individual as belonging to a subgroup of the entirepopulation or in many cases, can be used to uniquely establish or verify theidentity of a person (compared to a claimed or referenced identity). Biometricmodalities specifically included in this standard are: fingerprints, plantars(footprints), palmprints, facial images, DNA, and iris images. Forensics, as usedwithin the <strong>ANSI</strong>/<strong>NIST</strong>-<strong>ITL</strong> standard, refers to identifying characteristics useful tolaw enforcement or identity management organizations that may be usedmanually to establish or verify the identity of an individual. This includes scars,marks, tattoos, and certain characteristics of facial photos and iris images. Latentfriction ridge prints (fingerprint, palmprint and plantars) are included in thisstandard and may be used in either an automated system or forensically (orboth).• Some data may be stored and/or transmitted in image or processedversions. The image may be ‘raw’ (as captured), compressed, cropped, orotherwise transformed. It is important, therefore that information associated withthe image(s) be transmitted to the receiving organization that fully describes thebiometric data. This standard also allows for the transmission of processedsample data, such as minutiae and other features from friction ridge biometrics.The Information Technology Laboratory (<strong>ITL</strong>) of the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (<strong>NIST</strong>) sponsored the development of this AmericanNational Standards Institute (<strong>ANSI</strong>) approved American National Standard usingthe <strong>NIST</strong> Canvass Method to demonstrate evidence of consensus. This updatedstandard replaces <strong>ANSI</strong>/<strong>NIST</strong>-<strong>ITL</strong> 1-2007 and <strong>ANSI</strong>/<strong>NIST</strong>-<strong>ITL</strong> 2-2008 standards.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should besent to the attention ofBrad Wing<strong>NIST</strong>, 100 Bureau Dr, Mail Stop 8940Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8940.e-mail: Brad.Wing@<strong>NIST</strong>.GovBrad Wing 6/19/10 5:07 PMComment: Note that this change is tospecifically reference forensics in the document.xviii
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