ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 - NIST Visual Image Processing Group ...

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ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic InformationFigure 24:Example of interrelationships between minutiae, withconnecting ridge path segments highlightedRidge path segments may not be visible over their entire length due to imageconsistency-of-presentation problems or due to being truncated by the edge ofthe impression, and therefore one or both ends of a ridge segment may not endat points defined as minutiae. Effective use of ridge path representations requiresdistinguishing between any areas in which the skeleton is debatable rather thandefinitive. Field 9.308 Ridge Quality/Confidence Map / RQM is used for thispurpose:Table 45 shows the relationship between the local quality values and the ridgepath. Figure 25 shows an example of a skeletonized image with a quality map:black and red areas (quality 0-1) have no skeleton; the yellow areas are poor(quality 2) and the skeleton information is not definitive; in other areas theskeleton is definitive.Figure 25:Examples of fingerprint, skeletonized representation, andoverlay of original / skeleton / quality map126DRAFT 2
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011Data Format for the Interchange of Biometric and Forensic InformationA ridge skeleton can represent sophisticated interrelationships between features.For example, Figure 24 shows that the bifurcation in red shares the same ridgewith the three minutiae in green. The human latent fingerprint comparisonprocess relies heavily on such feature interrelationships.Note that the PATH format permits the treatment of each ridge segment as adistinct feature, indexed by its data entry (occurrence) number. Each ridgesegment can be associated with the minutiae at its ends and features such aspores and ridge edge features along its length. Dots and incipients can beassociated with the ridge segments on either side. Each ridge ending isassociated with one ridge segment; each bifurcation is associated with threeridge segments.In the case that the type of minutia cannot be determined or its precise locationcannot be ascertained, a minutia can be tentatively associated with any ridgesegments that cross the minutia’s radius of uncertainty, as shown in Figure 26.Figure 26: Examples of minutiae of uncertain type and radii ofuncertainty, without and with ridge segmentsEach ridge path segment is saved as an open path (ordered set of vertices).Incipient ridges, dots, ridge discontinuities, and protrusions are not included inthe ridge path representation. Each skeletized ridge segment is stored as aseparate data entry (occurrence). Each endpoint of a ridge segment is eithershared by 3 ridge segments (at a bifurcation) or is unique to a single ridgesegment (at a ridge ending).127DRAFT 2
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