The Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies - Vol. 4 ... - EPA
The Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies - Vol. 4 ... - EPA The Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies - Vol. 4 ... - EPA
NOTES1. The only full-length study in English of Madach is by Eniko Molnar Basa, TheTragedy of Man as an Example of the Poeme d'Humanite: an Examination ofthe Poem by Imre Madach with Reference to the Relevant Works of Shelley,Byron, Lamartine and Hugo. Dissertation, University of North Carolina,1972. DAI33A (1973). Order No. 73-4799. Briefer treatments in English are byCharles Wojatsek, "The Philosophical and Ethical Concept of the Tragedy ofMan," Slavic and East European Studies, VI, 210-227 (1961), and by thepresent writer, '"The Tragedy of Man': Salvation or Tragedy?" Acta LitterariaAcademiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, XI, 291 308 (1973).Of the enormous number of critical studies in Hungarian, two older oneshave attained lasting distinction: Geza Voinovich, Madach Imre es Az EmberTragediaja {Budapest, 1922), and Janos Barta, Madach lmre(Budapest, 1942).In the last two decades by far the most significant critic has been Istvan Soter,whose discussions of Madach may be found in Ro/Jiantikaesrea/izmus (Budapest,1956), Nemzet es lialadas (Budapest, 1963), Atom a tortenelemrol (Budapest,1965), and, finally, A magyar irodalom tortenete (Budapest, 1965), IV,330-361.2. All the translations bear the title The Tragedy of Man. The names of the translatorsand the dates of publication are: William N. Loew (New York: ArcadiaPress, 1908); C. P. Sanger (London: Hogarth Press, 1933), reprinted in 1955(Sydney: Pannonia Press); Charles Henry Meltzer and Paul Vajda, 1933(Budapest), the 4th and final edition in 1960 (Budapest: Corvina); J.C.W.Home (Budapest: Corvina, 1963).
The Image of Hungarian Poetry in theEnglish-Speaking WorldEniko Molnar BasaHungarian men of letters have always been influenced by WesternEuropean literary movements from which they borrowed themes,styles, and ideas, only to naturalize them. Rather than imitate foreignmodels, they adapted various currents of world literature to Hungarianthemes, language and meter (in this respect, especially, the models hadgreat impact), and, to some extent, Hungarian tastes. Latin works of theMiddle Ages, for example, received a Hungarian flavor by changing alocale or substituting a king's name. By permitting local customs to slipin also, the universal material immediately gained national coloring.This process was enhanced during the Renaissance and Reformationwhen Hungary's political position differed greatly from that of thenew nation states of Western Europe, and all literary activity naturallymirrored the political and military situation, as well as the religiousdisputes. The years following the expulsion of the Turks and theRakoczi Revolution increased Western influences. Not only did Germanliterature or rather, Erench Enlightenment through Germanintermediaries — play a role, but direct contacts with France and theLow Countries also enriched Hungarian cultural life. This era also sawthe beginnings of the "backward" litterati, i.e., those men of letters whoresisted the new trends identified with the Austrian rulers and whomaintained the earlier tradition of the kuruc poetry with its typicalBaroque dualism of spirit and flesh and its echoes of Cavalier poetry. Inshort, the late Renaissance and the early Baroque received a uniquedevelopment in 18th century Hungary. The tradition represented byZrinyi and Balassa was integrated into later tradition through thisprocess of popularization.English literature gained a prominent position in Hungary only in thelatter half of the 18th century. From then on, however, it continued asan important factor, occasionally even eclipsing German influence.Presently American literature seems most popular, but then this is aworld-wide phenomenon. The converse, namely English scholarly in-
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NOTES1. <strong>The</strong> only full-length study in English <strong>of</strong> Madach is by Eniko Molnar Basa, <strong>The</strong>Tragedy <strong>of</strong> Man as an Example <strong>of</strong> the Poeme d'Humanite: an Examination <strong>of</strong>the Poem by Imre Madach with Reference to the Relevant Works <strong>of</strong> Shelley,Byron, Lamartine and Hugo. Dissertation, University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina,1972. DAI33A (1973). Order No. 73-4799. Briefer treatments in English are byCharles Wojatsek, "<strong>The</strong> Philosophical and Ethical Concept <strong>of</strong> the Tragedy <strong>of</strong>Man," Slavic and East European <strong>Studies</strong>, VI, 210-227 (1961), and by thepresent writer, '"<strong>The</strong> Tragedy <strong>of</strong> Man': Salvation or Tragedy?" Acta LitterariaAcademiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, XI, 291 308 (1973).Of the enormous number <strong>of</strong> critical studies in <strong>Hungarian</strong>, two older oneshave attained lasting distinction: Geza Voinovich, Madach Imre es Az EmberTragediaja {Budapest, 1922), and Janos Barta, Madach lmre(Budapest, 1942).In the last two decades by far the most significant critic has been Istvan Soter,whose discussions <strong>of</strong> Madach may be found in Ro/Jiantikaesrea/izmus (Budapest,1956), Nemzet es lialadas (Budapest, 1963), Atom a tortenelemrol (Budapest,1965), and, finally, A magyar irodalom tortenete (Budapest, 1965), IV,330-361.2. All the translations bear the title <strong>The</strong> Tragedy <strong>of</strong> Man. <strong>The</strong> names <strong>of</strong> the translatorsand the dates <strong>of</strong> publication are: William N. Loew (New York: ArcadiaPress, 1908); C. P. Sanger (London: Hogarth Press, 1933), reprinted in 1955(Sydney: Pannonia Press); Charles Henry Meltzer and Paul Vajda, 1933(Budapest), the 4th and final edition in 1960 (Budapest: Corvina); J.C.W.Home (Budapest: Corvina, 1963).
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