Report - UNDP Russia

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CONTENTPreface ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................7General review .........................................................................................................................................................................................................8Chapter 1. The Energy Sector, the Economy, and the Crisis................................................................................................................13Box 1.1. Correlation between climate change, the energy sector and human development .........................................26Chapter 2. Energy Industry and the Regions: Human Development Challenges.......................................................................28Box 2.1. Human Development Index ....................................................................................................................................................44Box 2.2. The energy sector and indigenous minorities of the Russian North ........................................................................48Chapter 3. Personal Incomes, the Energy Sector and the Crisis........................................................................................................51Box 3.1. Education for the power industry..........................................................................................................................................70Chapter 4. The Energy Sector and Public Health ....................................................................................................................................74Box 4.1. The village of Kolva in Ussinsk District.................................................................................................................................77Box 4.2. Ambient air pollution and public health in coal-mining citiesof the Kemerovo Region ...........................................................................................................................................................78Box 4.3. Ambient air pollution and public healthin Novokuibyshevsk....................................................................................................................................................................81Box 4.4. Gas exploration and processing – public health risks....................................................................................................82Box 4.5. Cherepetskaya condensing power plant: ambient air qualityand modernization plans..........................................................................................................................................................84Box 4.6. A city at risk....................................................................................................................................................................................85Chapter 5. Energy-efficient Russia ...............................................................................................................................................................90Box 5.1. Programme of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:‘Integrated Solutions for Saving Energy and Resources to Promote Innovative Developmentin Various Sectors of the Economy’....................................................................................................................................103Box 5.2. Opportunities for use of carbon market instrumentsto raise power efficiency of the Russian economy.......................................................................................................106Chapter 6. Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources ...............................................................................................................108Box 6.1. Tidal power plants....................................................................................................................................................................114Box 6.2. Geothermal power plants ....................................................................................................................................................115Box 6.3. Prospects for nuclear power.................................................................................................................................................117Chapter 7. The Energy Industry and Environmental Sustainability..............................................................................................122Box 7.1. Negative consequences of excessive growth of the fuel & energy sector ..........................................................134Box 7.2. Environmental sustainability of Russian cities ..............................................................................................................136Chapter 8. The Energy Industry and Sustainable Development Indicators...............................................................................143Box 8.1. Adjusted Net Savings Index for Kemerovo Region ......................................................................................................151Box 8.2. Energy efficiency indicators used by the Federal Education Agency....................................................................153Box 8.3. System of sustained development indicators for Tomsk Region ............................................................................154Box 8.4. Energy efficiency rating of Russian regions....................................................................................................................155Attachments ......................................................................................................................................................................................................1596 National Human Development Report in the Russian Federation 2009
PREFACEThis is the 13 th National HumanDevelopment Report for the RussianFederation. Such reports, covering humandevelopment issues in various countries, areelaborated by groups of independent expertsand are published on the initiative of theUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP) in many countries of the world.The 2009 National HumanDevelopment Report for Russia remains true tothe concept of previous national reports,prepared by various independent groups ofRussian experts with assistance and supportfrom the UNDP Representative Office inMoscow. Like its predecessors, the 2009 Reportis not a mere accounting of the country’s socialand economic progress in the past year, but athorough scientific and analytical case study.The focal point of this 2009 NationalHuman Development Report is the energysector and sustainable development. Russia isrich in both energy resources and humanresources, and the Report analyzes impact ofthe energy sector on national development andon the individuals who live in Russia. The sectormakes a vital contribution to the country’s mainsocial and economic parameters, and is of vitalimportance for national income and thebudget. In this respect, the global crisis hasdemonstrated the fragility of the economicgrowth, which Russia had enjoyed since theearly 2000s. The national economy is stillmarked by structural disproportions, anddominance of the export-oriented fuel &energy sector is the most obvious of them. TheReport shows the need for a change ofdirection towards the goal of energy efficiency,ending the country’s addiction to raw materialexports in favor of sustainable development,reduction of negative impact of the powersegment on human health and theenvironment, and broad use of power-savingtechnologies. The current crisis can be seen as awindow of opportunity for Russia to find andimplement new approaches to nationaldevelopment, and to transform its existingenergy sector into a high-tech asset for the 21stcentury, which no longer represents a burdenon the environment and public health.The authors have mostly used officialRussian statistical data provided by the FederalState Statistics Service, ministries and agencies.When several sources were available officialdata was preferred. Information taken fromother sources is accompanied by relevantreferences. Public survey data were also used insome instances.The Report was prepared in closecooperation and with active feedback fromstate institutions and civil society.7
Page 1 and 2: National Human Development Reportin
Page 3 and 4: National Human Development Reportin
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors express
Page 7: Dear Reader,You have before you the
Page 11 and 12: country’s fuel & energy regions r
Page 13 and 14: environmental degradation and enhan
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1The Energy Sector,the Econ
Page 17 and 18: By 2008 Russia had increased its sh
Page 19 and 20: the share of energy in the national
Page 21 and 22: exported, increased. However, this
Page 23 and 24: elimination of structural and terri
Page 25 and 26: • Establishment of competitive me
Page 27 and 28: number of developed countries, incl
Page 29 and 30: Although the United Nations Climate
Page 31 and 32: industrial region of the Urals - Sv
Page 33 and 34: 2.2. Budget capacityand structure o
Page 35 and 36: (the Federal State Statistics Servi
Page 37 and 38: Immigration by young and highly ski
Page 39 and 40: energy regions exacerbate the incom
Page 41 and 42: Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Auton
Page 43 and 44: the Ministry for Regional Developme
Page 45 and 46: various other long-term problems in
Page 47 and 48: is also associated with the fuel an
Page 49 and 50: Republic of Mordovia 8051 0.732 68.
Page 51 and 52: Legislative control of impact audit
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3Personal Incomes, the Ener
Page 55 and 56: than any other sources of income -
Page 57 and 58: Are wages now the main instrument f
Page 59 and 60:
comparison of month-on-month develo
Page 61 and 62:
• The unemployed, people who aree
Page 63 and 64:
Employment in the energy sector acc
Page 65 and 66:
The share of household expenditures
Page 67 and 68:
subsidization practices in the regi
Page 69 and 70:
in power use between regions now de
Page 71 and 72:
Electricity prices for households h
Page 73 and 74:
• Steady decrease in the percenta
Page 75 and 76:
1. The number of graduates with eng
Page 77 and 78:
As well as requiring better fuelcom
Page 79 and 80:
Box 4.1. The village of Kolvain Uss
Page 81 and 82:
continue to use solid fuel for a lo
Page 83 and 84:
Box 4.3. Ambient air pollution andp
Page 85 and 86:
either by large power generating fa
Page 87 and 88:
Box 4.6. A city at riskNovocherkass
Page 89 and 90:
In order to assess impact of thesee
Page 91 and 92:
generation facilities through safer
Page 93 and 94:
achieved in developed countries. So
Page 95 and 96:
equires 2-6 times more capital inve
Page 97 and 98:
government) should set targets and
Page 99 and 100:
networks. In 2007 government budget
Page 101 and 102:
enhancement is also important. Ener
Page 103 and 104:
energy efficiency of the transport
Page 105 and 106:
Box 5.1. Programme of the Ministry
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educational and informational suppo
Page 109 and 110:
mechanism for using national quota
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 6.2Share of electricity gene
Page 113 and 114:
One of the major benefits of renewa
Page 115 and 116:
odies; outdoor air; rocks and soil;
Page 117 and 118:
Design and construction of geotherm
Page 119 and 120:
Box 6.3. Prospects for nuclear powe
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consists of out-dated equipment at
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ConclusionThe world’s nuclear pow
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7.1. Impact of the fuel& energy sec
Page 127 and 128:
Table 7.5Solid waste from productio
Page 129 and 130:
Table 7.7Areas of disturbed and rec
Page 131 and 132:
nature of the impact (atmospheric e
Page 133 and 134:
Further, the economic cost ofenviro
Page 135 and 136:
trends continued the damage would a
Page 137 and 138:
What the government needs to do ino
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Figure 7.2.1Specific atmospheric em
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money value of industrial output) c
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Figure 7.2.4Trends in specific atmo
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Chapter 8The Energy Industry and Su
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eing equal) it only reflects that p
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(MDGs), issued by the UN in 2000. T
Page 151 and 152:
8.4. The energy factorin integral i
Page 153 and 154:
Canada, the USA and Great Britain h
Page 155 and 156:
Box 8.2. Energy efficiencyindicator
Page 157 and 158:
Box 8.4. Energy efficiency rating o
Page 159 and 160:
41 Penza Region 116.0 -35.2 -4.542
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix to Chapter 1Table 1.1. GDP
Page 163 and 164:
Attachment to Chapter 4Table 4.1Rus
Page 165 and 166:
Attachment to Chapter 4Volga Federa
Page 167 and 168:
Attachment to Chapter 4Belovo Belov
Page 169 and 170:
The previous National Human Develop
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Report - UNDP Russia

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