Report - UNDP Russia

products; 99.3% in production,transportation and distribution of electricpower, steam, gas and hot water; and 97.7%in production and distribution of gas fuel. Sothe crisis had negative impact on wages ofpeople employed in production andprocessing of crude oil, but did not affectwages in other energy segments, wherewage levels even rose substantially in somecases.The rate of job losses in the energyindustry was lower than in the whole economyand there were even increases of employmentin two sub-sectors: production anddistribution of electric power, gas, steam andhot water; and pipeline transportation.However, reduction of head count in fuelextraction and also in production of coke andoil products was higher than the nationalaverage since the crisis began. So employmentand wages in the oil sector were negativelyaffected by the crisis, but proved immune to itin other energy sectors, making overallemployment and wage figures for the energysegment look better than for the economy asa whole.The next question is how the situationin the energy sector affects personal incomesthroughout the economy. There are a numberof indexes for assessment of impact of theenergy sector on employment, payroll, publicincomes and inequality (Table 3.6). Energyrelatedbusiness has limited importance forincomes and employment: only 2.5% ofemployees at large and medium-sizedcompanies work in the power sector and theyrepresent only 2.9% of the total payroll at alllarge and medium-sized Russian companies.Table 3.5Wages and employment in the energy sectorNominal monthly wagesSalaries in June 2009 Wages in H1 2009Job turnoverRubles% vs. June2008Rubles% vs. H12008% vs.nationalaverageThousand% vs. June2008Total 19247 108.2 17929 110.3 100 37643.8 96.2Extractionof fuel resources38141 105.0 38725 108.3 220 582.7 94.9Production of coke and oilproducts34022 104.1 37050 114.9 210 108.2 94.2Production, transportationand distribution of electricpower, natural gas, steam andhot water30089 110.9 27865 112.7 155 676.7 101.3Productionand distribution of gas fuel19926 109.2 19300 112.3 108 161.1 99.5Pipeline transportation 60067 178.0 40897 123.3 230 188.2 101.3Entire energy sector 35402 115.7 - - - 1716.9 98.460National Human Development Report in the Russian Federation 2009