Report - UNDP Russia

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Address to readersThe 2009 National Human DevelopmentReport (NHDP) for the Russian Federation,entitled ‘Energy Sector and SustainableDevelopment', outlines issues associated with aprime concern in Russia today, which isdevelopment of the fuel & energy sector. Theauthors provide a detailed analysis of thesituation, make forecasts and study the optionsfor overcoming current negative trends in supplyand consumption of energy resources.The energy sector currently supports allother parts of the Russian economy, consolidatesconstituent entities of the Russian Federation andhas major impact on formation of the country’smain social and economic indicators. In order forthe sector to develop, meet modern challengesand provide sustainable development of thecountry’s economy, the government isconducting a policy that aims to maximize theefficiency of energy resource utilization and thepotential of the energy segment.Energy preparedness and environmentalsafety, as well as energy and budget efficiencyare the cornerstones of long-term governmentenergy policy. A key condition for achieving themis formation of an adequate, modern regulatorysystem, which could provide stability, as well asa proper legal environment and dynamicdevelopment of both the energy market and thefuel & energy sector.Despite different approaches of variousnations to the future of the world energy industrythe international community, headed by the G8,has worked out an effective mechanism forresolving these complex issues throughdiscussion. Its principles were clearly defined inthe G8 St.Petersburg Declaration: diversificationof energy transportation routes, increase ofenergy efficiency, market transparency,development of renewable energy sources andcreation of national management institutions forenergy efficiency.An important step will be change ofRussia’s technical control legislation in order toincrease energy efficiency and environmentalsafety of such industries as power generation,construction, transportation, and housingutilities. Power efficiency indicators will becomemandatory requirements of the new technicalcontrol system.Utilization of existing technical andstructural potential for improved energyefficiency will enable greater balance betweenproduction and utilization of energy resourcesand significantly reduce greenhouse gasemissions without compromising high rates ofeconomic growth. These goals will requirecreation of adequate incentive mechanisms topromote energy efficiency among powervendors and consumers.I am absolutely convinced that the 2009National Human Development Report for theRussian Federation will be of interest and help toa wide variety of politicians and officials,scientists and journalists, as well as to all thosewho are concerned about the development ofRussia’s energy industry.Sergey I. ShmatkoMinister of Energyof the Russian Federation4 National Human Development Report in the Russian Federation 2009
Dear Reader,You have before you the 13 th NationalHuman Development Report for the RussianFederation, published by the United NationsDevelopment Programme. The topic of this year’sReport, ‘Energy Sector and SustainableDevelopment’, is of special interest today both inthe context of Russia’s development and ofinternational development. Promotinginnovative evolution of the energy sector andraising energy efficiency of the national economyrepresent major challenges for Russia. At thesame time, the structure of the global energysector is a focus of debate for the internationalcommunity, and impact of the sector on theenvironment is of great concern to the UnitedNations.As a major part of the Russian economy,the energy sector has large impact, both directand indirect, on human life and determines tosome extent the structure of economicdevelopment in the country. The sector is animportant source of national incomes, affectingthe health and well-being of people who may notbe directly involved in energy business. In manyregions and cities, energy firms determine theenvironment for self-realization by local people,professional training, employment and smallbusiness development. This pivotal role of theenergy industry in Russia is the main topic of thisReport.The authors set out to analyze currentimpact of this backbone industry of the Russianeconomy on human development. One of thechallenges we encountered during preparation ofthe Report is a tendency to view the energyindustry and related issues in a purely technicallight. Discussions about energy sectordevelopment tend to be limited to production andtransportation of fuel and power, sectoral cashflow, industrial safety and environmental impacts,while impact of the sector on Russia’s humandevelopment is left unconsidered.Assessments given by the authors in thisReport are not uncontroversial, because positivesteps – whether increasing profits for national andregional economies, or developing new scienceand technology in the energy sector – areassociated with a number of equally negativeimpacts, related to public health, pressure on theenvironment, and disincentives to developmentof energy-saving technologies.Russia is a major player on the globalenergy market and a global energy donor, andstill has to find the optimum combination ofenergy preparedness and environmentalsustainability. We saw it as a matter of principleto study Russia’s long-term challenges from thepoint of view of these interrelated, but potentiallyconflictual positions. Our report contains somevery interesting conclusions about the role of theenergy sector in Russia’s economic and humandevelopment, and prospects for the country’ssustainable development, as well as related risks.I would like to express my sinceregratitude to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofthe Russian Federation, which has been ournational partner in preparing National HumanDevelopment Reports for over a decade. UNDPactivities in promoting the humandevelopment concept have also found theMinistry’s support with respect to developmentof training programs and regional reports. Ihope that this report will serve as a basis fordiscussion of key issues of post-crisisdevelopment and for deeper understanding ofthe energy sector’s role in Russia’s social andeconomic development, especially in its humandevelopment aspect.Frode MauringUNDP Resident Representative5
Page 1 and 2: National Human Development Reportin
Page 3 and 4: National Human Development Reportin
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors express
Page 9 and 10: PREFACEThis is the 13 th National H
Page 11 and 12: country’s fuel & energy regions r
Page 13 and 14: environmental degradation and enhan
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1The Energy Sector,the Econ
Page 17 and 18: By 2008 Russia had increased its sh
Page 19 and 20: the share of energy in the national
Page 21 and 22: exported, increased. However, this
Page 23 and 24: elimination of structural and terri
Page 25 and 26: • Establishment of competitive me
Page 27 and 28: number of developed countries, incl
Page 29 and 30: Although the United Nations Climate
Page 31 and 32: industrial region of the Urals - Sv
Page 33 and 34: 2.2. Budget capacityand structure o
Page 35 and 36: (the Federal State Statistics Servi
Page 37 and 38: Immigration by young and highly ski
Page 39 and 40: energy regions exacerbate the incom
Page 41 and 42: Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Auton
Page 43 and 44: the Ministry for Regional Developme
Page 45 and 46: various other long-term problems in
Page 47 and 48: is also associated with the fuel an
Page 49 and 50: Republic of Mordovia 8051 0.732 68.
Page 51 and 52: Legislative control of impact audit
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3Personal Incomes, the Ener
Page 55 and 56: than any other sources of income -
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Are wages now the main instrument f
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comparison of month-on-month develo
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• The unemployed, people who aree
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Employment in the energy sector acc
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The share of household expenditures
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subsidization practices in the regi
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in power use between regions now de
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Electricity prices for households h
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• Steady decrease in the percenta
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1. The number of graduates with eng
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As well as requiring better fuelcom
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Box 4.1. The village of Kolvain Uss
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continue to use solid fuel for a lo
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Box 4.3. Ambient air pollution andp
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either by large power generating fa
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Box 4.6. A city at riskNovocherkass
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In order to assess impact of thesee
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generation facilities through safer
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achieved in developed countries. So
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equires 2-6 times more capital inve
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government) should set targets and
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networks. In 2007 government budget
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enhancement is also important. Ener
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energy efficiency of the transport
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Box 5.1. Programme of the Ministry
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educational and informational suppo
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mechanism for using national quota
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Figure 6.2Share of electricity gene
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One of the major benefits of renewa
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odies; outdoor air; rocks and soil;
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Design and construction of geotherm
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Box 6.3. Prospects for nuclear powe
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consists of out-dated equipment at
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ConclusionThe world’s nuclear pow
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7.1. Impact of the fuel& energy sec
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Table 7.5Solid waste from productio
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Table 7.7Areas of disturbed and rec
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nature of the impact (atmospheric e
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Further, the economic cost ofenviro
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trends continued the damage would a
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What the government needs to do ino
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Figure 7.2.1Specific atmospheric em
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money value of industrial output) c
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Figure 7.2.4Trends in specific atmo
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Chapter 8The Energy Industry and Su
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eing equal) it only reflects that p
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(MDGs), issued by the UN in 2000. T
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8.4. The energy factorin integral i
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Canada, the USA and Great Britain h
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Box 8.2. Energy efficiencyindicator
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Box 8.4. Energy efficiency rating o
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41 Penza Region 116.0 -35.2 -4.542
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Appendix to Chapter 1Table 1.1. GDP
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Attachment to Chapter 4Table 4.1Rus
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Attachment to Chapter 4Volga Federa
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Attachment to Chapter 4Belovo Belov
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The previous National Human Develop
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Report - UNDP Russia

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