Report - UNDP Russia

Table 8.6Breakdown of the Adjusted Net Savings Index for Kemerovo RegionIndicators / Years 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005GRP, RUB billion 116.3 144.6 177.7 251.8 264.4Gross saving, % GRP 20.9 18.2 20.8 25.9 26.3Net regional savings, % GRP 13.5 12.6 14.3 19.4 19.8Depletion of energy sources, % GRP 10.8 11.0 11.2 15.3 15.5Damage from СО 2 emission, % GRP 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8GRP losses due to impact of pollution on publichealth, %11.0 10.8 11.0 11.9 11.6Adjusted net savings, % GRP -9.5 -10.4 -9.2 -9.0 -10.0from a developed country is 4 times higher thanthat of a person from a country with low percapita income 10 . The EF for an average US citizenis 9.6 hectares of biologically productive area,while for an Indian citizen it is only 0.8 hectares.The environmental deficit is particularly high inthe USA (-4.8 hectares per capita), Great Britain (-4.0), Japan (-3.6) and Italy (-3.1). There is also anenvironmental deficit in such densely populatedcountries as China (-0.9) and India (-0.4). Bycontrast, some other countries have anenvironmental reserve: Russia (2.5), Brazil (7.8)and Canada (6.9).8.5. Information and institutionalsupport for the indicatorsInternational experience shows thatlimitations and barriers to development ofenergy indicators and measures of sustainabilityare mainly due to a lack of necessary economic,social and environmental information. This lack ispartly objective, but it is also partly due tocommercial confidentiality (which is widespreadin most energy companies).A paradoxical situation has arisen wheremany key indicators of sustainable developmentare used in national development documents,but are not published in official data books,putting obstacles in the way of their use fordecision making at all levels and transmission ofinformation to the general public. For example,the index of energy intensity is present in theConcept for Long-term Development of theRussian Federation up to 2020, in the RussianPresidential Decree on energy andenvironmental efficiency improvement (2008), inenergy strategies and programmes. But indextrends over years are not included in Rosstatdocuments, making proper analysis impossible.There is a similar paradox with respect to regionalGHG emissions. Another important indicator, ofthe number of people living in highly pollutedareas, is not published outside the Ministry ofNatural Resources.The following indicators need to beincluded in state statistics and made available tothe general public as a matter of urgency, so thatthey can be used in decision making processes atall levels:• various forms of energy intensity (electricintensity, segment energy intensity, etc.);• indexes of disturbance and reclamation ofland by the energy sector;• GHG emissions (per region);• number of people living in polluted areas;• reclamation, etc.There have been instances recently ofinstitutional support for greater use of energyindicators and measures of energy efficiency, atboth federal and regional levels. A system ofenergy efficiency indicators has been developedas part of a programme led by the Ministry ofEducation and Science, ‘Complex solutions forenergy efficiency problems and efficient use of10Living Planet Report 2006. WWF.152 National Human Development Report in the Russian Federation 2009