Report - UNDP Russia

energy efficiency of the transport system. Sometransport companies, including JSC RussianRailways, are implementing energy savingtechnologies. But unit energy costs in manytransport sectors grew in 2000–2007. This wastrue for pipeline transport of oil & oil products,electric traction on railroads, subway trains,streetcars, trolley buses, as well as dieseltraction. Achievement of national energytargets will require significant reduction ofenergy intensity in the transport segment.Russia could reduce energyconsumption in the transportation segment by55 million tonnes of fuel equivalent,representing 28% of all energy consumed bytransport in 2005, through the following steps:improvement of the database and datacollection methods for energy consumption bytransport; integrated planning of transportoperations; improving the quality of publictransport services and providing betteropportunities for multimodal public transport(i.e. combining private and public transportwithin a single trip); introduction of a tax onpurchase of private cars with large engines;providing incentives to drivers who buyenergy-efficient vehicles; further strengtheningof efficiency standards for fuel and emissions;introduction of fuel efficiency markings forautomobiles; encouraging changes in behavior;introduction of utilization schemes for oldvehicles; more rapid renewal of the vehicles onRussian roads through financial stimulation forutilization of old automobiles; anddevelopment of energy saving technologies.5.11. Summaryand recommendationsRussia is a world leader in reducingenergy intensity of GDP, but still remains one ofthe most energy-inefficient countries.Reduction of energy intensity was mostlycaused by structural factors and thetechnological gap with developed countriesremains. This gap cannot be allowed to remainFigure 5.10Comparison of specific fuel consumptionby new gasoline-fired passenger automobilessold in 2006-2007RussiaCroatiaSwedenHungaryFinlandEstoniaGermanySlovakiaNetherlandsGreat BritainGreeceIrelandSpainDenmarkNorwayCzech RepublicFranceItalyPortugal0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0Liters/100 kmHybrid or SMART car Consumption up to 7 liters/100 km Consumption above 7 liters/100 kmSource: ODYSSEE database for all countries, except Russia. Russian dataprovided by CENEfindefinitely if Russia means to approach thelevels of prosperity of developed countries in acontext of increasing global competition anddepletion of resources, which could maintainthe country’s orientation to resource exports.The only way forward, therefore, is via adramatic increase in productivity, includingenergy efficiency.Potential for energy efficiencyimprovements in Russia is greater than in almostany other country in the world, amounting to45% of all energy consumption. This potential isthe main energy resource for future economicgrowth. However, until now the federalgovernment has been sluggish in promotingenergy saving activity, failing to encourage bestuse of this resource.Russia’s goals for increasing energyefficiency of the national economy are: toreduce GDP energy intensity by 40% in 2020compared with the level in 2007; and to achieveenergy savings of around 1000 million tonnesof conditional fuel. These are realistic goals, butthey require development and implementationof a wide range of energy saving measures,including:101