BIBLIOGRAPHYAdam Azza<strong>in</strong> Muhammad & al-Tayyib Ibrahim Wadi, eds. 1998. al-Niza’at al-qabaliyyafi ‘-Sudan [Tribal Conflicts <strong>in</strong> the Sudan], Institute <strong>of</strong> African and AsianStudies, University <strong>of</strong> Khartoum.Adam Azza<strong>in</strong> Muhammad, ed.. 2002. al-Tanmiyya, miftah al-sallam fi Darfur [Development,the Key to Peace <strong>in</strong> Darfur], Centre for Peace and Development Studies,University <strong>of</strong> Juba.Adelberger, Joerg. 1990. Vom Sultanat zur Republik. Veranderungen <strong>in</strong> der Sozialorganisationder Fur. Stuugart: Fritz Ste<strong>in</strong>er Verlag.Assefa, H. 1996. ‘Ethnic Conflict <strong>in</strong> the Horn <strong>of</strong> African Myth andReality’, <strong>in</strong> K. Rupes<strong>in</strong>ghe and V. Atchikov (eds.), Ethnicity and Power <strong>in</strong>the Contemporary World, U.N University Press, Tokyo.Ahmed, A. M. & Harir S. 1982. Sudanese Rural Society: Its Development and Dynamism,(Arabic text) DSRC University Khartoum Press, Khartoum.Ahmed, A. M. 1992. ‘Rural Production Systems <strong>in</strong> the Sudan: A GeneralPerspective’, <strong>in</strong> Doornbos, C. (ed), Beyond Conflict <strong>in</strong> the Horn, ISS, The Hague.Africa Watch. 1990. ‘The Forgotten War <strong>in</strong> Darfur Flares Aga<strong>in</strong>’, Report, London.Bernard Bonnet. 2000. Shared Management <strong>of</strong> Common Resources: Strengthen<strong>in</strong>gLocal Skills, IIED issue paper no. 94.Babiker, Mustafa. 1996. ‘Management <strong>of</strong> Aridity: Water Conservation and Procurement<strong>in</strong> Dar Hamar, Western Sudan.’ In Manag<strong>in</strong>g Scarcity: Human Adaptation <strong>in</strong>E<strong>as</strong>t African Drylands, edited by Abdel Gaffar M. Ahmed and H<strong>as</strong>san A. Abdel Ati,107-126. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> a regional workshop, 24-26 August 1995, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: OSSREA.De Wall, Alexander. 1989. Fam<strong>in</strong>e that Kills. Darfur, Sudan 1984 - 1985,Oxford University Press, Oxford.De Wall, Alexander. 1990. ‘Emergency Food Security <strong>in</strong> Western Sudan : What is itfor?’, <strong>in</strong> Simon Maxwell, To Cure all Hunger, IT, Exeter.104
El Mahdi S. Mohamed. 1979. Introduction to the Land Law <strong>of</strong> the Sudan, Khartoum,Khartoum University Press.Hamid A. Mohamed. 1975. ‘Traditional Insitutions and Resources Management <strong>in</strong>Darfur’, <strong>in</strong> Medani M. M. Ahmed (ed.) Indigenous Knowledge for Susta<strong>in</strong>able Development<strong>in</strong> Sudan, Sudan Library Series 20, Khartoum.Fukuki, K. & Markakis, J. 1994. Ethnicity and Conflict <strong>in</strong> the Horn <strong>of</strong>Africa, James Curry and Ohio University Press, Oxford and Ohio.Harir, S. 1993. ‘Arab Belt’ Versus ‘African Belt’: Ethnic - PoliticalConflict <strong>in</strong> Darfur and the Regional Cultural Factors’, <strong>in</strong> Harir, S. andTvedt, T. (eds.) (1993) Short-Cut to Decay: The C<strong>as</strong>e <strong>of</strong> The Sudan, JamesCurrey, London.Harir, S. 1992. Militarization <strong>of</strong> Conflict, Displacement and TheLegitimacy <strong>of</strong> The State: A C<strong>as</strong>e From Darfur Western Sudan ,CDS, Bergen,Norway.Ibrahim, Abdel Rahman Abbakar. 1999. ‘The Development <strong>of</strong> the Livestock Sector<strong>in</strong> the Sudan: A C<strong>as</strong>e Study <strong>of</strong> Public Policy Analysis’ Social Science Research ReportSeries, no. 12. Addis Ababa: OSSREA.Ibrahim, Fouad N. 1984. Ecological Imbalance <strong>in</strong> the Republic <strong>of</strong> the Sudan, withreferences to Desertification <strong>in</strong> Darfur, Bayreuth.Johnson, Dougl<strong>as</strong>. 2003. The Root Causes <strong>of</strong> Sudan’s Civil Wars,Oxford: James Currey.Keen, David. 1991. ‘Target<strong>in</strong>g Emergency Food Aid: The C<strong>as</strong>e <strong>of</strong> Darfur 1985’,<strong>in</strong> Maxwell, Simon To Cure all Hunger, IT, Exceter, U.K.Keen, David. 1994. The benefits <strong>of</strong> fam<strong>in</strong>e: a political economy <strong>of</strong> fam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>south-western Sudan, 1983-1989, Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton University Press, Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton.Markakis, J. 1991. Environmental Stress and Security <strong>in</strong> the Horn <strong>of</strong>Africa, Sigruna, Sweden.105
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONAS A CAUSE
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Cover Photo:AU forces patrol Darfur
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PREFACEThese essays were originally
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AcknowledgementsThe conference was
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Executive SummaryByMary E. King and
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the theme of the conference, outlin
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• The question of warrior culture
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Deryke Belshaw, University of East
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area in West Darfur of 1.5m feddans
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on the interaction between conflict
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Conflict In DarfurHistorical andCon
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distributive centre and where the r
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sues quite separate. Evidence for t
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FOOTNOTES1It is not my purpose here
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20On other emerging ethnically-base
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IntroductionTHE Greater Darfur regi
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2. Agriculture (Farming)Crop farmin
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Secondly, the demand for mutton and
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groundnut and sesame as sources of
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The situation of drinking water in
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ReferencesConference, Meleet, North
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IntroductionTHE residents of the Um
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Phase Two:This phase was a monitori
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zone southward — and to use these
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• Some water points in places lik
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- Page 82 and 83: IntroductionWHILE in the Sudan prot
- Page 84 and 85: ReferencesHarir, S. 1993. ‘Arab B
- Page 86 and 87: IntroductionTHE Darfur Region lies
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- Page 94 and 95: CONCLUSIONTHE collection of papers
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- Page 107 and 108: Tothill, J.D. 1948. Agriculture in
- Page 109 and 110: Biographical Sketch: Rex Sean O’F
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