environmental degradation as a cause of conflict in - Steiner Graphics

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SUDANC H A DCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICL i b y a n D e s e r tSelima OasisYeiNagishotHalaibSalalaMuhammadQolN O R T H E R NLaqiya ArbaëinD e s e r tS T A T EAbu HamedPort SudanKermaSuakinNukheilaR E D S E ADongolaKarimaTokarMeroweHaiyaOld DongolaElëAtrunRIVERKaroraAtbaraEd DamerGadamaiNILEMeroëWadi HowarBahrLolel'ArabPongoJebel Abyad PlateauJebel NagashushJurD a rH a m i dQoz Abu DuluAdministrativeboundaryWadi HalfaSemna WestKummaLakeNubia N u b i a nWadil MilkeS u dL. AlbertJonglei CanaldLakeNasserAlbert NileSobatVictoria NileNileL. KyogaShendiNORTHERNAbu ëUruq KHARTOUM KASSALAOmdurmanDARFURHalfa al KassalaKhartoumMiskiNORTHERNGadidaAsmaraGEZIRAKORDOFANWad MedaniUmm BadrGedarefSodiriGeneina Al FasherGEDAREFEl ObeidSinnarWESTERNKostiEn NahudGonderDARFURWHITE SINNARAbu Zabad NILENyalaT'anaSOUTHERN KORDOFAN RenkHayk'Ed DamazinEd Daëein Al FulaBLUETullusNuba Mts.FamakaBuramMugladKologi NILESOUTHERN DARFUR Kadugli TalodiRadomPaloichAbyeiUPPERUNITYKafia KingiMalakal E T H I O P I ANORTHERNNILEBentiuAdis AbebaAweilKigilleWESTERN BAHR STATE(Addis Ababa)Raga AL GHAZALWARABFathaiBAHRAkoboWauAL GHAZALJONGLIRumbekUkwaaBor TowotKenamukeSwampAdministrativeLiAmadiKobowen boundaryYubu WESTERNEASTERN SwampEQUATORIAEQUATORIAMaridiKapoetaYambioJubaToritCh'ew BahirS U D A NNational capitalState (wilayah) capitalTownMajor airportInternational boundaryState (wilayah) boundaryMain roadTrackRailroadThe boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptanceby the United Nations.E G Y P TDEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OFTHE CONGO0 100 200 300 km0 100 200 miBUHEYRATBahr ez ZarafWhite NileBAHR ALJEBELNileWhiteU G A N D ADinderL. SalisburyWadi OdibAtbaraAbayLotagipiSwampOmoR E DS E AL. Turkana(L. Rudolf)SAUDI ARABIAERITREATekezeAbay (Blue Nile)K E N Y AMap No. 3707 Rev. 7May 2004UNITED NATIONSDepartment of Peacekeeping OperationsCartographic SectionSource: Sudan, No. 3707 Rev.7 May 2004, UN Cartographic Section10
Executive SummaryByMary E. King andMohamed Awad Osman11
Page 1: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONAS A CAUSE
Page 4 and 5: Cover Photo:AU forces patrol Darfur
Page 7 and 8: PREFACEThese essays were originally
Page 9: AcknowledgementsThe conference was
Page 13 and 14: the theme of the conference, outlin
Page 15 and 16: • The question of warrior culture
Page 17 and 18: Deryke Belshaw, University of East
Page 19 and 20: area in West Darfur of 1.5m feddans
Page 21 and 22: on the interaction between conflict
Page 23 and 24: Conflict In DarfurHistorical andCon
Page 25 and 26: distributive centre and where the r
Page 28 and 29: sues quite separate. Evidence for t
Page 30 and 31: FOOTNOTES1It is not my purpose here
Page 32 and 33: 20On other emerging ethnically-base
Page 34 and 35: IntroductionTHE Greater Darfur regi
Page 36 and 37: 2. Agriculture (Farming)Crop farmin
Page 38 and 39: Secondly, the demand for mutton and
Page 40 and 41: groundnut and sesame as sources of
Page 42 and 43: The situation of drinking water in
Page 44 and 45: ReferencesConference, Meleet, North
Page 46 and 47: IntroductionTHE residents of the Um
Page 48 and 49: Phase Two:This phase was a monitori
Page 50 and 51: zone southward — and to use these
Page 52 and 53: • Some water points in places lik
Page 54 and 55: This study and the seminar organize
Page 57 and 58: Land Tenure,Land Use andConflicts i
Page 59 and 60: tain innovations called hakura (pl.
Page 61 and 62:
mands for food production. All thes
Page 63 and 64:
Hashab Tenure SystemHashab ownershi
Page 65 and 66:
co-exist at the local level where e
Page 67 and 68:
IndigenousInstitutions andPractices
Page 69 and 70:
abs. In the past they had been invo
Page 71 and 72:
Sufi OrderSufi orders are religious
Page 73 and 74:
Native Administration, i.e. Tribal
Page 75 and 76:
Rizayqat homeland is at the extreme
Page 77 and 78:
esearchers and statesmen. A bigger
Page 79:
ReferencesBakheit, Jaafar M.Ali. 19
Page 82 and 83:
IntroductionWHILE in the Sudan prot
Page 84 and 85:
ReferencesHarir, S. 1993. ‘Arab B
Page 86 and 87:
IntroductionTHE Darfur Region lies
Page 88 and 89:
Table (1)Water program for Darfur 2
Page 90 and 91:
anging from 150mm the north and 450
Page 92 and 93:
ReferencesIbrahim, Abdel Rahman Abb
Page 94 and 95:
CONCLUSIONTHE collection of papers
Page 96 and 97:
GLOSSARYAjawidArdaBaqqaraDarDukhnFa
Page 99 and 100:
A Darfur Timeline99
Page 101 and 102:
1898 On the eve of the battle of Om
Page 103 and 104:
Bibliography103
Page 105 and 106:
El Mahdi S. Mohamed. 1979. Introduc
Page 107 and 108:
Tothill, J.D. 1948. Agriculture in
Page 109 and 110:
Biographical Sketch: Rex Sean O’F
Page 111 and 112:
111
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