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the text of the oath, and deaf or mute witnesses who can neither read nor write, shalltake the oath with the help of an interpreter.(5) Any refusals by witnesses to take the oath and their grounds for doing so shall beentered in the record.The following may not take oaths:Article 1071) persons who have not reached the age of majority;2) persons for whom it has been proven or there exists reasonable suspicion that theyhad committed or participated in the commission of the criminal offence in connectionwith which they are being questioned;3) who due to their mental state of health cannot comprehend the significance of theoath.Article 108(1) Where witnesses duly summoned fail to appear and fail to justify their absence, orwithout authorisation or a justifiable reason leave the location where they were to bequestioned, may be ordered brought in by force, and may also be punished with a fine ofup to 100,000 RSD.(2) Witnesses who do appear and after being cautioned about the consequences refuseto testify without legal justification, may be punished with a fine of up to 100,000 RSD,and if still refusing to testify, may be punished again with the same sanction.(3) Rulings on appeals against the order on the fine shall be rendered by a chamber(Article 24 paragraph 6).Article 109(1) The court is required to protect witnesses and aggrieved parties from insults, threatsand any other form of attack.(2) The court shall duly caution or punish with a fine any participants in the proceedingsor other persons in court who insult witnesses or aggrieved parties, threaten them orendanger their safety. In the event of violence or a serious threat, the court shall notifythe public prosecutor for the purpose of instituting criminal prosecution. In respect offines, the provisions of Article 108 of this Code shall be applied accordingly.(3) Acting on a proposal of the investigating judge or the president of the chamber, thepresident of the court or public prosecutor may ask interior ministry officials to undertakespecial measures to protect witnesses and aggrieved parties.Article 109a

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