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Scoreboost ®for the 2014 GED ® TestWriting Across the TestsSentence Structure, Usage,and Mechanics

CONTENTSUnit 1: Sentence StructureStrategy 1Correct Run-Ons andFused Sentences 4Strategy 2 Coordinate Ideas in Sentences 6Strategy 3 Subordinate Ideas in Sentences 8Strategy 4 Correct Sentence Fragments 10Strategy 5 Use Modifiers Correctly 12Strategy 6 Make Ideas Parallel 14Strategy 7Edit to Eliminate Wordy orAwkward Sentences 16Unit 1 Practice Sentence Structure 18Strategy 9Make Subjects and Verbs Agree inComplicated Sentence Structures 22Strategy 10 Correct Errors in Pronoun Usage 24Strategy 11 Fix Pronoun Agreement Problems 26Unit 2 Practice Grammar and Usage 28Unit 3: Capitalization, Punctuation, and SpellingStrategy 12 Capitalize Correctly 30Strategy 13 Use Commas Correctly 32Strategy 14 Spell Well 34Unit 3 PracticeCapitalization, Punctuation,and Spelling 36Unit 2: Grammar and UsageStrategy 8 Make Subjects and Verbs Agree 20GED Test Practice 38Answers 43Scoreboost ® for the 2014 GED ® TestWriting Across the Tests: Sentence Structure, Usage, and MechanicsISBN 978-1-56420-466-0Copyright © 2013 New Readers PressNew Readers PressProLiteracy’s Publishing Division104 Marcellus Street, Syracuse, New York 13204www.newreaderspress.comAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Proceeds from the sale of New Readers Press materials support professional development, training, and technicalassistance programs of ProLiteracy that benefit local literacy programs in the U.S. and around the globe.Scoreboost ® Developer: Caren Van SlykeRevision Developer: Words & NumbersEditorial Director: Terrie LipkeDesign and Production Director: James WallaceTechnology Specialist: Maryellen CaseySenior Designer: Carolyn WallaceGED ® is a registered trademark of the American Council on Education (ACE) and administered exclusively by GEDTesting Service LLC under license. This material is not endorsed or approved by ACE or GED Testing Service.

Item Types on the 2014 GED® TestThe 2014 GED® Reasoning Through Language Arts Test will be given on the computer. Most of the questions onsentence structure, usage, and mechanics are cloze items with drop-down menus. These items are built into readingpassages, so that you will answer questions as you read. In this way it is similar to the editing process.This is an example of what a cloze item may look like:The passage below is incomplete. Navigate to each “Select…” button and choose the option that correctlycompletes the sentence.Urban SprawlUnrestrained growth around large cities is a great cause for concern. Residentsof these areas have become too dependent on their cars. Green spaceSelect... The result isurban sprawl.When you put your cursor on the “Select…” box and click your mouse, you will see four answer options in adrop‐down menu. Move your cursor to the answer that best completes the sentence, and then click your mouse.Unrestrained growth around large cities is a great cause for concern. Residentsof these areas have become too dependent on their cars. Green spaceSelect...urban been disappearing sprawl. at an alarming rate.has been disappearing at an alarming rate.have been disappearing at an alarming rate.disappear at an alarming rate. The result isYour answer moves to the correct place. Reread the whole sentence to be sure that you have chosen the correctanswer. Now you can continue reading the passage.Unrestrained growth around large cities is a great cause for concern. Residentsof these areas have become too dependent on their cars. Green spacehas been disappearing at an alarming rate.urban sprawl. The result isAfter you complete each Unit Practice in this book, you can go to scoreboost.newreaderspress.com to practiceanswering GED test questions in electronic format. If you’d like, you can complete this entire book and then goonline and answer all the electronic Unit Practice questions.When you are finished with the online questions, you can print a score sheet. The score sheet includes a ScoreboostAction Plan to help you improve your score.3

strategy1Correct Run-Ons and Fused SentencesOn the GED Test, you will need to correct two related errors in sentence structure. Run-ons and fusedsentences occur when complete thoughts are joined incorrectly.A run-on looks like this: The vet reached for the cat’s collar the cat leapt under the table.A fused sentence looks like this: The vet reached for the cat’s collar, the cat leapt under the table.You can fix run-ons and fused sentences by (1) combining the thoughts with both a comma and a coordinatingconjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet) or (2) making two separate sentences:The vet reached for the cat’s collar, but the cat leapt under the table.The vet reached for the cat’s collar. The cat leapt under the table.Run-On SentenceThank you for inviting our organization to compete forthe Fox Challenge Grant we are honored to be chosento participate.Select the best way to correct this run-on sentence.Thank you for inviting our organization to compete forthe Fox Challenge(A) Grant which we are honored to be chosen toparticipate.(B) Grant, we are honored to be chosen toparticipate.(C) Grant and we are honored to be chosen toparticipate.(D) Grant. We are honored to be chosen toparticipate.Think: If I read the sentence carefully, I can seethat two complete thoughts run together.A run-on sentence can be fixed by eitheror .A run-on sentence can be fixed by either using acomma and a coordinating conjunction or creating twoseparate sentences.Answer: Choice (D)Fused SentenceYour grant application is nearly complete, we still needa letter from your board of directors.Select the best way to correct this sentence.Your grant application is nearly(A) complete and we still need a letter from yourboard of directors.(B) complete, or we still need a letter from yourboard of directors.(C) complete, but we still need a letter from yourboard of directors.(D) complete we still need a letter from your boardof directors.Think: This sentence has two complete thoughtsjoined incorrectly—with only a comma. I needto see which answer choice correctly solves thatproblem.Choice (A) does not solve the problem correctly.Choice (B) is not correct because the meaning of ordoes not make sense in the sentence.Choice (C) inserts a conjunction after the comma, andthe sentence makes sense.Choice (D) does not solve the problem correctly.testwiseSome answer options may look correct at first because they contain either the correct punctuation or a coordinatingconjunction. Read carefully to make sure that you choose the answer that has both the comma and the appropriateconjunction.4 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

strategy2Coordinate Ideas in SentencesHow you connect sentences can show a reader the relationship between ideas. You can show twosentences make equally important statements by using coordination. Coordination occurs when twoclauses are closely related statements joined by coordinating conjunctions, like and, but, or, nor, for, so, oryet. Coordinating clauses can also be joined by a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb, like also, anyway, as,besides, moreover, however. Or you can coordinate clauses with punctuation by using a semicolon or colon.Coordination using a coordinating conjunction looks like this:The twigs started to smoke, and we knew we could heat up the s’mores.Coordination with a semicolon and conjunctive adverb looks like this:Jamie didn’t do her homework last night; indeed, she never intended to.Coordination with only punctuation looks like this:The cost of gas rose for two reasons: more people are driving for the holiday, and investors are driving up the price.Connect Two Sentences Using a CoordinatingConjunctionEveryone thought the Panthers would lose theirhomecoming game. We were surprised when they won.Select the most effective combination of these twosentences.Everyone thought the Panthers would lose their(A) homecoming game, we were surprised whenthey won.(B) homecoming game, so we were surprisedwhen they won.(C) homecoming game, that we were surprisedwhen they won.(D) homecoming game we were surprised, whenthey won.Think: Can we combine these sentences to showhow they are using coordination?I would combine the sentences this way:Connect Two Sentences Using PunctuationThe consultant evaluated our computer system. Shefound major security vulnerabilities.Select the most effective way to combine these twosentences.The consultant evaluated our(A) computer system; she found major securityvulnerabilities.(B) computer system, if she found major securityvulnerabilities.(C) computer system, so she found major securityvulnerabilities.(D) computer, system she found major securityvulnerabilities.Think: I’ll read the sentence with each answerchoice and see which best shows how the twosentences are related.Choice (A) allows you to combine the ideas smoothly:The consultant evaluated our computer system; shefound major security vulnerabilities.Did you write something like this? Everyone thought thePanthers would lose their homecoming game, so we weresurprised when they won.Answer: Choice (B)testwiseWhen you are coordinating sentences, make surethe sentences are of equal importance. Make sure it’sclear how they make sense together based on theircoordinating conjunction or punctuation.6 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

Apply the StrategyRead the passages and revise the sentence structure.(1) Americans don’t get as much sleep as we should,experts say. (2) We constantly cut corners on sleep.(3) It is as important to our bodies as food and water.(4) Americans having reduced our average night’ssleep by two hours in the last hundred years, we arehaving a sleeplessness epidemic. (5) Many of us don’teven know what it’s like to feel fully alert.1. Select the most effective combination of Sentences2 and 3.We constantly cut corners on sleep. It is asimportant to our bodies as food and water.Think: How could a subordinating conjunctionhelp combine these sentences?(A) Cutting corners on sleep is as important to ourbodies as food and water.(B) While we cut corners on sleep it is as importantto our bodies as food and water.(C) Although sleep is as important to our bodies asfood and water, we constantly cut corners on it.(D) Since our bodies need food and water, weconstantly cut corners on sleep.2. Select the most effective revision of sentence 4.Americans having reduced our average night’ssleep by two hours in the last hundred years, weare having a sleeplessness epidemic.Think: Which of the answer choices appropriatelysubordinates one of the ideas?(A) Because Americans have reduced our averagenight’s sleep by two hours in the last hundredyears, we are having a sleeplessness epidemic.(B) Americans having reduced our averagenight’s sleep by two hours in the last hundredyears, although we are having a sleeplessnessepidemic.(C) Although reducing our average night’s sleepby two hours in the last hundred years, we arehaving a sleeplessness epidemic.(D) Americans having reduced our average night’ssleep by two hours in the last hundred years,since we are having a sleeplessness epidemic.Answers start on page 43.Principles of Customer ServiceA. B. Moran & Company(1) Although the old saying goes that the customer isalways right Moran’s customer service specialists takea different approach. (2) It’s not important who is right.(3) When we work with a customer the customer isalways served. (4) We listen and respond to the best ofour ability.3. Select the most effective revision of sentence 1.(A) Because the old saying goes that the customeris always right, Moran’s customer servicespecialists take a different approach.(B) The old saying goes that the customeris always right Moran’s customer servicespecialists take a different approach.(C) Although the old saying goes that thecustomer is always right and Moran’s customerservice specialists take a different approach.(D) Although the old saying goes that thecustomer is always right, Moran’s customerservice specialists take a different approach.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 3.When we work with a(A) customer, since the customer is always served.(B) customer, the customer is always served.(C) customer then the customer is always served.(D) customer. The customer is always served.On Your Extended Response, you may decideto join two ideas by making one subordinate,or dependent. Be sure to use a comma after thedependent thought if it introduces the sentence.Unit 1: Sentence Structure 9

Apply the StrategyRead the passages and correct the errors in sentence structure.(1) Companies that sell replacement windows forresidential properties have their work cut out forthem in this area. (2) This part of the country, warmtemperatures and low heating costs. (3) Becausereplacement windows are very expensive. (4) It’s hardto justify buying them. (5) Many people cannot affordthe lump sum payment even if they would save onenergy costs over a period of years.1. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.Think: What is missing or incomplete in thissentence?This part of the(A) country being warm temperatures and lowheating costs.(B) country warm temperatures and low heatingcosts.(C) country, so temperatures and low heatingcosts.(D) country has warm temperatures and lowheating costs.2. Select the most effective revision of sentences 3and 4.Think: Which of the answer choices correctlyattaches the dependent fragment?Because replacement windows are very(A) expensive while it’s hard to justify buyingthem.(B) expensive being that it’s hard to justify buyingthem.(C) expensive, but it’s hard to justify buying them.(D) expensive, it’s hard to justify buying them.Frequently Asked Holiday Cooking Questionsfor Public Library Reference Staff(1) At this time of year, many people try to re-create thetraditional holiday meals of their childhoods. (2) Theycall the public library for help. (3) If their mothers orgrandmothers are not around. (4) I’ve prepared thefollowing FAQ sheet to help reference staff cope withthe oncoming flood of inquiries about turkey roastingtimes and the safety of dressing. (5) This sheet availablefor everyone by the phones, with extra copies on theshelf behind the desk.3. Select the most effective revision of sentences 2and 3.They call the public library for(A) help, although their mothers or grandmothersare not around.(B) help if their mothers or grandmothers are notaround.(C) help, and if their mothers or grandmothers arenot around.(D) helping their mothers or grandmothers are notaround.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 5.This sheet(A) will be available for everyone by the phones,with extra copies on the shelf behind the desk.(B) will available for everyone being by the phoneswith extra copies on the shelf behind the desk.(C) available for everyone by the phones, withextra copies left on the shelf behind the desk.(D) available for everyone by the phones withextra copies on the shelf behind the desk.Answers start on page 43.On Your Extended Response, you can correcta fragment by adding a word or phrase or byjoining it to a sentence with a correct conjunctionand punctuation.Unit 1: Sentence Structure 11

strategy5Use Modifiers CorrectlyModifiers are words or phrases that add description and detail to a sentence. If a modifier is misplaced(not close enough to the person or thing it describes) or dangling (without a person or thing todescribe), the sentence is unclear and incorrect:Misplaced: I was pleased to see the new computers walking into the training room.Dangling: Walking into the training room, the new computers hummed.• To correct a misplaced modifier, move the modifier next to what it modifies:Walking into the training room, I was pleased to see the new computers.• To correct a dangling modifier, rewrite the sentence, adding what it modifies:Walking into the training room, I heard the new computers humming.As I walked into the training room, the new computers hummed.Note: When a modifying phrase begins a sentence, place a comma after it.Misplaced ModifierThe trainees headed straight for the coffee cart leavingthe room for a break.Which is the most effective revision of this sentence?(A) The trainees, heading straight for the coffeecart leaving the room for a break.(B) Leaving, the trainees they for the coffee cartleaving the room for a break.(C) Leaving the room for a break, the traineesheaded straight for the coffee cart.(D) As the trainees headed for the coffee cartleaving the room for a break.Think: The modifier is out of place. I must movethe modifier near what it modifies.The modifying phrase isThe part of the sentence it modifies isDid you write that leaving the room for a break modifiesthe trainees?Answer: Choice (C)testwiseThere is more than one way to write a sentence. If youlook for a particular answer and don’t see it, considereach of the choices to see which improves thesentence in a different way.Dangling ModifierWhile repairing the main computer server, the backupserver can support the most essential computerizedsystems.Which is the best way to rewrite this sentence?(A) While we are repairing the main computerserver, the backup server can support the mostessential computerized systems.(B) While repair the main computer server, thebackup server can support the most essentialcomputerized systems.(C) While repairing the main computer server thebackup server can support the most essentialcomputerized systems.(D) While repairing the main computer server, thebackup server supporting the most essentialcomputerized systems.Think: There’s a dangling modifier. I’ll check eachanswer choice to see which gives it something tomodify.Choice (A) is correct. Adding we are gives the modifiersomething to modify. It turns the phrase into adependent idea.Choice (B) does not give the modifier something tomodify.Choice (C) removes the comma that is needed after theintroductory modifier.Choice (D) makes the main verb incomplete.12 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

Apply the StrategyRead the passages and correct the problems in sentence structure.(1) Magazines like People are full of interviews andprofiles of celebrities. (2) Enhanced by glossy andglamorous photos, the celebrities hope the articleswill help sell their latest CD or movie. (3) The magazinepublishers know that readers are greedy for the lateststar gossip. (4) Loving every minute we drink in all thesecrets of the newest pop star’s love life.1. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.Think: What does the modifying phrase modify—what would be “enhanced” by photos?(A) Enhanced by glossy and glamorous photos thecelebrities hope the articles will help sell theirlatest CD or movie.(B) Enhanced by photos, the celebrities hope theglossy and glamorous articles will help selltheir latest CD or movie.(C) The celebrities hope the articles, enhancedby glossy and glamorous photos, will help selltheir latest CD or movie.(D) The celebrities, enhanced by glossy andglamorous photos, hope the articles will helpsell their latest CD or movie.2. Select the most effective revision of sentence 4.Think: How should punctuation be used withmodifying phrases?(A) Loving, every minute we drink in all the secretsof the newest pop star’s love life.(B) Loving every minute, we drink in all the secretsof the newest pop star’s love life.(C) Loving every minute we are drinking in all thesecrets of the newest pop star’s love life.(D) Loving every minute we drink in all the secrets,of the newest pop star’s love life.Office Space Available Now!(1) Make an appointment to view the spectacular newoffice center at Meridian Gardens. (2) Overlookinga lovely landscaped courtyard, our rental agent willshow you efficiently designed office suites. (3) Are youa small business not only looking for a convenientlocation but also for shared support services?(4) We offer front desk services, a phone system,photocopying, and other features in one convenientpackage.3. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.(A) Our office suites, efficiently designed andoverlooking a lovely landscaped courtyard.(B) Landscaping a lovely courtyard overlook, ourrental agent will show you efficiently designedoffice suites.(C) Overlooking a lovely landscaped courtyard,our agent, showing you efficiently designedoffice suites.(D) Our rental agent will show you efficientlydesigned office suites overlooking a lovelylandscaped courtyard.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 3.Are you a small business(A) only looking for a convenient location but alsofor shared support services?(B) not only are you looking for a convenientlocation but also for shared support services?(C) looking not only for a convenient location butalso for shared support services?(D) that looks only for a convenient location butalso for shared support services?Answers start on page 43.On Your Extended Response, be sure to catchyour own misplaced or dangling modifiers.Reread the extended response to yourself. If amodifier makes a sentence sound like nonsense,fix the problem.Unit 1: Sentence Structure 13

strategy6Make Ideas ParallelWhen two or more ideas have parallel structure, they are listed in the same form: nouns with nouns,modifiers with modifiers, verbs with verbs, and so on. The first sentence below is not parallel because,even though two verbs are used, they are in different forms:Not parallel: We need to paint the house and the windows washed before we try to rent it out.Parallel: We need to paint the house and wash the windows before we try to rent it out.Note: In a series of more than two items, separate the items with commas:Parallel: Restoring an antique doll usually requires repairing damage to the body, replacing lost hair, and creatingappropriate new clothes.Parallel Structure with Two ItemsCharitable gifts and to do volunteer work are ways toparticipate in your community.Select the most effective revision of this sentence?(A) Charitable giving and to do volunteer work areways to participate in your community.(B) Charitable gifts and volunteer work are ways toparticipate in your community.(C) Charitable gifts and doing volunteer work areways to participate in your community.(D) Charitable gifts, and to do volunteer work areways to participate in your community.Think: The sentence sounds awkward. I needto find phrases in the sentence that should be inparallel form.The two phrases that should be parallel areDid you write that charitable gifts and to do volunteerwork should be made parallel?Answer: Choice (B)Parallel Structure with Three ItemsPeople learn best from new challenges, feedback thatis helpful, and strong role models.Select the most effective revision of this sentence?(A) People learn best from new challenges, helpfulfeedback, and strong role models.(B) People learn best from new challenges withhelpful feedback, and strong role models.(C) People learn best from new challenges,feedback is helpful, and strong role models.(D) People learn best from going throughchallenges that are new, feedback that ishelpful, and strong role models.Think: The items in the sentence seem to be inparallel form—three phrases, each with a modifierand noun—and correctly punctuated. I’ll check theanswer choices to make sure.Choice (A) is correct. All three items in the list areparallel.Choice (B) removes a comma that is needed toseparate items in the series.Choices (C) and (D) use forms that are not parallel.testwiseWhen you combine two ideas with and or or, use a comma only if the two ideas are complete thoughts—that is, eachhas a subject and a verb. If the two ideas are just words or phrases, no comma is needed before and, but, or or.14 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

Apply the StrategyRead the passages and correct the problems in sentence structure.(1) Most of us experience fear from time to time. (2) Weanticipate bad news or we imagine a frighteningevent. (3) Most of the time our fears are products ofour own imaginations. (4) Yet think about things youdo all the time without being afraid. (5) Next time youdrive a car, eat in a restaurant, or you play a sport, thinkabout your chances of getting hurt in these ordinaryactivities.1. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.Think: Two ideas are joined with or. Are theyparallel? Are they complete sentences or phrases?We anticipate bad news or we imagine afrightening event.(A) We anticipate bad news, or we imagine afrightening event.(B) Anticipating bad news, or we imagine afrightening event.(C) We anticipate bad news, or imagine afrightening event.(D) We anticipate bad news, or we have imagineda frightening event.2. Select the most effective revision of sentence 5.Think: What three parts of the sentence shouldbe in parallel form? What form should they have incommon? Which answer choice uses that form?Next time you drive a car, eat in a restaurant,(A) or you play a sport think about your chances ofgetting hurt in these ordinary activities.(B) or, you play a sport think about your chancesof getting hurt in these ordinary activities.(C) or play a sport think about your chances ofgetting hurt in these ordinary activities.(D) or playing a sport think about your chances ofgetting hurt in these ordinary activities.To: All Store EmployeesRe: Halloween Policy(1) Please join in the fun spirit of Halloween by wearinga costume to work on October 31. (2) We’ll pass outtrick or treat candy to customers’ children, have ourown treats in the back room, and a costume contestat 4 p.m.(3) Please observe good safety sense in choosing yourcostume, depending on your work responsibilities.(4) First and foremost, don’t frighten away ourcustomers! (5) No one is allowed to wear a mask andnot to carry any object that resembles a weapon.3. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.We’ll pass out trick or treat candy to customers’children, have our own treats in the back room,(A) and giving you a costume contest at 4 p.m.(B) and hold a costume contest at 4 p.m.(C) with a costume contest at 4 p.m.(D) and with a costume contest at 4 p.m.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 5.No one is allowed to wear a(A) mask and not carry any object that resemblesa weapon.(B) mask, and not to carry any object thatresembles a weapon.(C) mask or carry any object that resembles aweapon.(D) mask, or carry any object that resembles aweapon.Answers start on page 43.On Your Extended Response, make sure youhave stated parallel ideas in the same form andused commas to separate the ideas.Unit 1: Sentence Structure 15

strategy7Edit to Eliminate Wordy or Awkward SentencesWhen you edit, you correct the grammar or punctuation mistakes in your writing, but those correctionsmay not be enough. Another goal of editing is to improve your writing. Good writing does not includewords that do not contribute to meaning or that might confuse your meaning. For example:Max reported to the boss on the new training program. He reported that it is a success.Revision: Max reported to the boss that the new training program is a success.The two original sentences were not wrong, but they were wordy and repetitive. For wordy or awkwardsentences, you must think of ways to rewrite the sentences to make them more effective.Combine Two SentencesThe committee will listen to the employees. It will takethe employees’ concerns into account.Select the most effective combination of thesesentences.(A) By listening to the employees, the committeewill take the employees’ concerns into account.(B) The committee will listen to the employeesand take their concerns into account.(C) The committee, having taken the employees’concerns into account, will listen.(D) The committee will take the employees’concerns into account, and listen to theemployees.Think: How are these two sentences related? Howcan I combine details and get rid of unnecessarywords yet keep the meaning?I would combine the sentences this way:Did you write something like this? The committee willlisten to the employees and take their concerns intoaccount.Answer: Choice (B)Eliminate Unnecessary WordsAs far as being on time for my job interview tomorrow,I plan to leave half an hour early.Select the most effective revision of this sentence.(A) As far as arriving on time for my job interviewtomorrow, I plan to leave half an hour early.(B) For my job interview tomorrow, I plan to leavehalf an hour early.(C) To be on time for my job interview tomorrow, Iplan to leave half an hour early.(D) As far as being on time for my job interviewtomorrow, and I plan to leave half an hourearly.Think: I’ll try to reconstruct the sentence with eachanswer choice and see which keeps the meaning ofthe original but leads to a more effective sentence.Choice (A) replaces “being” for “arriving,” but thesentence is still wordy.Choice (B) eliminates words but also gets rid ofinformation, which changes the meaning.Choice (C) does the best job of preserving meaningand cutting words.Choice (D) adds another unnecessary word.testwiseFor wordy sentences, look for phrases that don’t add meaning to the sentences. Often, introductory phrases can be cut,but be careful not to eliminate necessary transitions.16 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

Apply the StrategyRead the passages and revise the problems in sentence construction.(1) Angkor Wat is the most popular tourist destinationin Cambodia. (2) Cambodia is a country in SoutheastAsia. (3) The point should be made that Angkor Wat isthe largest Hindu temple complex in the world. (4) Itwas built in the early 1100s in the capital of the KhmerEmpire. (5) The Khmer Empire once spanned over amillion square kilometers.1. Select the most effective combination of Sentences1 and 2.Think: How can I reduce the wordiness of thesesentences and still keep the meaning?Angkor Wat is the most popular tourist(A) destination in Cambodia, a kingdom.Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia.(B) destination in Cambodia, Cambodia is acountry in Southeast Asia.(C) destination in Cambodia, a country inSoutheast Asia.(D) destination; Cambodia is a country inSoutheast Asia.2. Select the best way to reduce wordiness insentence 3.Think: Which words are not important to themeaning of the sentence?(A) The point should be made that Angkor Wat isthe largest in the world.(B) The point should be made that Angkor Wat isthe largest Hindu temple complex.(C) The point should be made that Angkor Wat isthe Hindu temple complex in the world.(D) Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu templecomplex in the world.To: Parking Garage Monthly CustomersRe: Construction(1) In this memo, we want to announce that the garagewill be repaved. (2) We will close sections of the lot todaily parking because closing those sections, we willbe able to accommodate all monthly customers intemporarily reassigned spaces.3. Select the most effective revision of sentence 1.(A) In this memo we want to announce that thegarage will be repaved.(B) The garage will be repaved.(C) This memo is to announce that the garage willbe repaved.(D) In this memo, the garage will be repaved.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 2.We will close sections of the lot to(A) daily parking to accommodate all monthlycustomers in temporarily reassigned spaces.(B) daily parking by closing those all monthlycustomers in temporarily reassigned spaces.(C) daily parking and by closing those all monthlycustomers in temporarily reassigned spaces.(D) daily parking. We intend to close all monthlycustomers in temporarily reassigned spaces.Answers start on page 44.On Your Extended Response, try to combinesentences to reduce words and avoidunnecessary phrases like “I would like to say” or“in regard to.”Unit 1: Sentence Structure 17

UNIT 1 PracticeSentence StructureThe article below needs editing. Choose the optionthat correctly revises the sentence.Finding Extra Money in a Pinch(1) It’s three days before payday, and you’ve run out ofmoney. (2) How will you survive until that paycheck isin your hands?(3) Start by thinking of all the places where there mightbe a bit of money around the house. (4) For instance,checking out your children’s piggy banks. (5) Be sureto leave an IOU note, though, or you might have a veryangry child on your hands. (6) Search under the sofacushions.(7) Check your coat pockets for lost change. (8) If youcan’t find any money, think about how you could getsome. (9) Look for some items that you don’t wantwhen you clean your house or apartment and sellthem to a resale shop. (10) Find someone who needstheir home cleaned or their grass mowed, and ask tobe paid right away.(11) If all else fails, try to think of friends who owe youmoney and ask them to pay you back. (12) These arejust some ideas to help you make it from one paycheckto the next. (13) However, it’s always better to live onwhat you actually make and avoiding getting into debt.1. Select the most effective revision of sentence 4.(A) For instance, while checking out your children’spiggy banks.(B) For instance, to check out your children’s piggybanks.(C) For instance, and checking out your children’spiggy banks.(D) For instance, check out your children’s piggybanks.2. Select the most effective revision of sentences 6and 7.Search under the(A) sofa cushions: check your coat pockets for lostchange.(B) sofa cushions; indeed, check your coat pocketsfor lost change.(C) sofa cushions, and check your coat pockets forlost change.(D) sofa cushions you check your coat pockets forlost change.3. Select the most effective revision of sentence 9.(A) When you look for some items that you don’twant, clean your house or apartment and sellthem to a resale shop.(B) When you clean your house or apartment, lookfor some items that you don’t want, and sellthem to a resale shop.(C) Look for some items that you don’t want, andsell them to a resale shop when you clean yourhouse or apartment.(D) Cleaning your house or apartment, look forsome items that you don’t want and sell themto a resale shop.4. Select the most effective revision of sentence 13.(A) However it’s always better to live on what youactually make and avoiding getting into debt.(B) However, so it’s always better to live on whatyou actually make and avoiding getting intodebt.(C) However, it’s always better to live on what youactually make, and avoiding getting into debt.(D) However, it’s always better to live on what youactually make and avoid getting into debt.18 Unit 1: Sentence Structure

The article below needs editing. Choose the optionthat correctly revises the sentence.Naming a Hurricane(1) There are so many hurricanes that it is necessary togive each one a name for easy reference. (2) About theend of the 1800s, an Australian meteorologist begangiving tropical storms women’s names. (3) In 1953, theU.S. National Weather Service followed suit. (4) After1979, names of both genders were used. (5) Men’snames were added because feminists objected to onlywomen’s names being used for disasters.(6) Six lists of names are rotated, each list has one namefor each letter of the alphabet, except Q, U, and Z.(7) Names of Atlantic Ocean hurricanes are taken fromEnglish, French, or Spanish these languages are spokenwhere the storms occur. (8) A storm can be particularlydestructive. (9) If it is, its name is removed from the list.(10) A new name from the same gender is selected.5. Select the most effective way to combinesentences 4 and 5.After 1979, names of both genders(A) were used, those names were added becausefeminists objected to only women’s namesbeing used for disasters.(B) were used. In that case, men’s names wereadded because feminists objected to onlywomen’s names being used for disasters.(C) were used because feminists objected to onlywomen’s names being used for disasters.(D) were added to men’s names because feministsobjected to only women’s names being usedfor disasters.6. Select the most effective revision of sentence 6.Six lists of names are(A) rotated, although each list has one name foreach letter of the alphabet, except Q, U, and Z.(B) rotated each list has one name for each letterof the alphabet, except Q, U, and Z.(C) rotated, but each list has one name for eachletter of the alphabet, except Q, U, and Z.(D) rotated. Each list has one name for each letterof the alphabet, except Q, U, and Z.7. Select the most effective revision of sentence 7.Names of Atlantic Ocean hurricanes are taken fromEnglish, French, or(A) Spanish, and these languages are spokenwhere the storms occur.(B) Spanish, these languages are spoken wherethe storms occur.(C) Spanish because these languages are spokenwhere the storms occur.(D) Spanish; however, these languages are spokenwhere the storms occur.8. Select the most effective revision of sentences 8and 9.(A) If a storm is particularly destructive, its name isremoved from the list.(B) A storm, if it is particularly destructive, is beingremoved from the list(C) Removal from the list avoids a storm beingparticularly destructive.(D) The name is removed from the list, ifparticularly destructive.SCOREBOOST ACTION PLANCheck your answers starting on page 44. Fill in the chart,and make an action plan.Results0–3 correct • Need to study more—make a plan4–6 correct • Need to review some skills7–8 correct • Mastery of skills—move onQuestions Strategy Pages Correct/Total Plan: More work needed6, 7 Correct Run-Ons and Fused Sentences 4–5 /2 2 Coordinate Ideas in Sentences 6–7 /1 8 Subordinate Ideas in Sentences 8–9 /1 1 Correct Sentence Fragments 10–11 /1 3 Use Modifiers Correctly 12–13 /1 4 Make Ideas Parallel 14–15 /1 5 Edit to Eliminate Wordy or Awkward Sentences 16–17 /1 Total: /8Unit 1: Sentence Structure 19