Training Needs of Shrimp Farmers - An Assessment
Training Needs of Shrimp Farmers - An Assessment
Training Needs of Shrimp Farmers - An Assessment
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108 GOPALAKREHNAN, THAKUR, PONNIAH, KUUR AND DAYALResults and DiscussionThe results are presented in Tables 2& 3. In the first fertilization trial, extender3 gave the highest mean hatching percentage<strong>of</strong> 42.4 which was not significantlydifferent from control (p >0.05). Similarly,in the second experiment, the extender-3Bgave a higher mean percentage <strong>of</strong> hatching(49.47 to 55.75% in different fertilizationprotocols) than the other extenders. (Table3). The common feature in both these wasthe presence <strong>of</strong> egg yolk. The differencewas more clear in the case <strong>of</strong> 3B containing296 egg yolk which gave a significantlyhighe; hatching rate when compared toextender 3A containing no egg yolk(p
CRYOPRESERVATION OF BROWN TROLT SPERM 109when eggs were fertilized in activatorsolution containing 5mM theophylline.However this needs to be confirmed usingmore replicates.The highest me-m hatching rates <strong>of</strong> thepresent experiments using cryopreservedmilt are comparable with the hatching rates<strong>of</strong> the control. The values are comparablewith the highest ferblization rates (eyed eggsas % <strong>of</strong> control) reported for brown trout(Stein & Bayrle, 1978; Stoss & Refshe, 1983and Piironen, 1993) Thus it can be includedthat the teclmique <strong>of</strong> cryopreservation can besuccessfully adopted in the genetic Improvementprogramme <strong>of</strong> brown trout.The authors are ~mmensely thankful to Dr PDas, Ex-Direcotr, N B FG R , Lucknow for his overallg~udance and valuable suggest~ons Ths researchwas supported by a @ant horn the Department <strong>of</strong>Blotedu~ology (D B T), Government <strong>of</strong> hidla Thankslare also due to the Deparhnent <strong>of</strong> Flshenes,' Hmachal Pradesh, Mr Rajan Sud, Flsherles Officer,Barot Trout Farm for prov~d~ng all facdhes for thework and ML N D Smgh fo~h~s help durlng a part<strong>of</strong> the expenrnent?Bayiles, S.M. & Scott, A.P. (1987) Aquaculttire,66, 53Eillard, R. (1992) Aquaculture, 100, 263[~hao, N.H. (1982) In: Reprod!~ctive physiology<strong>of</strong>jslz. (Richter, C.J.J & Goos, J.H. ed.)p.132 Centre for Agriculhral Publishingand Doc~~mentation, Wage~ngen,The NetherlandsPoud, J.G., Miller, W.H. & Levanduski, M.J.(1990) Progressive Fish-culttlrist, 52, 51krdAhl, D.A. (1988) Fleld gude to brood stocknmtzageme+zt. Publ. United States Department<strong>of</strong> the Interior, Reg~on 6,Denver, Colorado, USA, Page varkraahl, D.A. & Graham, E.F. (1980) Cryoletters,1, 203Kurokura, H., Hirano, R., Tomita, M. &Iwahashi, M. (1984) Aquacultt[re;37,335Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T. & Patzner, R.A.(1992) Aqtlaculfure, 103, 73Legendre, M. & Billard, R. (1980) Reproduction,Nutrition, Development, 20, 1859Leung, L.K.P. & Jarnieson, B.G.M. (1991) In:Fish evolution and systematics: Evidencefrom spermatozoa. (Jarnieson, B.G.M.Ed.) p.245, Cambridge, U.K.Matsubara, T., Hara, A, gi Takano, (1985)Conzparative Biochenlistry and Physiolopj,81B, 309Piironen, J. (1993) Aquaczilture, 116, 275Ponniah, A.G., Kumar, K. & Gopalakrishnan,A. (1993) In: Nntional Workshop onColdwater Fish. Proc., p.6, Kullu (H.P.),India 10-11 MayRana, K. & Mac <strong>An</strong>drew, J. (1989) Aqtiaculture,36, 335Scheerer, P.D. & Thorgaard, G.H. (1989)Progressive Fish-ct~ltl~rist, 51, 179Scott, A.P. & Baynes, S.M. (1980) Journal ojFish Biology, 17, 707Sehgal, K.L. (1989) In: Exotic aquatic species inIndia. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the workshop onexotic species in India (Mohan J,oseph,M. ed.) p.41 AFSIB Special PublicationStein, H. & Bayrle, H. (1978) <strong>An</strong>nales deBiologie <strong>An</strong>inzaLe Biocllenzie, Biophysique,18, 1073Steyn, G.J., Van Vuren, J.H.J., Schoonbee, H.J.& Chao, N.H. (1985) Water Soutlz Africa,11, 15Stoss, J. (1983) In: Fish Physiology Reproduction,Part B, Beizauiotrr C Fertility Control.Vol.IX, (Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J. &Donaldson, E.M. Ed.) p.305, AcademicPress, London, UKStoss, J. & Refstie, T. (1983) Aqz~~?culture, 30,229Young, J.A., Capra, M.F. & Blackshaw, A.w.(1992) Aciuacriltuue. 102 1 qq