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<strong>AOS</strong> <strong>News</strong> Volume 25 Number 1 2011Figure 6. An illustration of the progress in quantum optics, in time left to right. <strong>The</strong> deviceswe built improved in quality, and that means they show less noise, and more reliable, andthat means could become more complex.controllable stable matter waves on theother hand. [8] Photon and atom scienceare starting to approach each other andother quantum systems such as quantumcircuits, opto-mechanical and all solid statesystems will be some of the many technicalplatforms for quantum applications.At the moment the devices arestill complex and based in <strong>University</strong>laboratories across many laboratories inAustralia and around the world. However,within a few years these devices will berobust enough for practical applicationsof quantum information processing.Quantum key distribution, now beingmarketed from several countries includingAustralia [1], is the first working exampleof such quantum technologies. Usingnew protocols, that quite likely have noteven been invented yet, these machinesand processes will become widespreadtechnology.At the same time metrology willcontinue to make further advancesallowing major more improvements insensitivity and accuracy. <strong>The</strong> ability tomake better measurements has alwaysbeen a key resource. It allows us to developnew instruments, to gather better data, totest improved models and predictions andto find new ways of shaping our world.With the improved accuracy we willdiscover new effects in fields as diverse asgeodesy, resource exploration, materialsscience, medical imaging or astronomy,both earthbound and satellite basedinstruments.<strong>The</strong> details and how widespreadthese applications will become remains aspeculation at the moment. But we canaddress a range of questions: How usefuland universal will quantum-computersbe? Are there other practical uses ofquantum information? Will we be ableto understand and avoid decoherence?Can we emulate important effects, forexample in superconductors or in biomolecules, using quantum systems? Whatare the ultimate limits in metrology? Havewe overlooked important implications ofquantum science?History shows that new insights, suchas the quantum statistics of light and atoms,will always find amazing and unforeseenapplications. Australia has already maderemarkable contributions - and our verystrong research effort will ensure that wecan remain one of the key players in thisemerging field of technology. We can beproud about the past and confident abouta bright future.References[1] Webpage of the company Quintessencehttp://www.quintessencelabs.com/index.php[2] <strong>Australian</strong> Physics 47(4) JULY/AUG2010 andfor up to date information:http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/ce/engineered_quantum_systems.htm[3] Latest study of research excellencein Australia carried out be theARC: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/outcomes_2010.htm[4] Proceedings on Quantum Optics,Harvey and Walls, Springer, 1989[5] A guide to experiments in quantumoptics, H-A. Bachor & T.C.Ralph,2nd ed., Wiley 2003[6] Quantum Optics , D. Walls &G.Milburn, 2nd ed. Springer 2008[7] K.Wagner, J.Janousek, V.Delaubert,J.FMorizur, C.C.Harb, N.Treps,P.K.Lam, H-A Bachor Entangling thespatial properties of laser beams Science321, 541 (2008) and latest results atB.Hage et al. arXiv 1103.4199v2[8] For up to date information see:webpage CQC2T http://www.cqc2t.org/home[9] For up to date information see:webpage ACQAO http://www.acqao.orgHans-A. Bachor is with the <strong>Australian</strong>National <strong>University</strong>, Canberra.17