full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (1) 1038-1042 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1039world. Among all 120 drugs, seven plant-derivedanticancer drugs have received Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) approval for commercialproduction like taxol / paclitaxel (isolated fromTaxus brevifolia), vinblastine, vincristine (isolatedfrom Madagascar Periwinkle), Topotecan,irinotecan (isolated from Camptothecaacuminata), etoposide, teniposide isolated fromPodophyllum peltatum). The in vitroantibacterial activities of a total of 46 extractsfrom dietary spices and medicinal herbs wereinvestigated by agar – well diffusion methodagainst five food borne bacteria (6). Diskdiffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrationdetermination assays coriander oil exhibited thestrongest antimicrobial activity against the testedstrains (7).In our work, different parts of Coriandrumsativum (roots, leaves etc.) were extracted withthe help of n-hexane, chloroform, Methanol,Ethanol, Acetone, cold water, hot water, tolueneas solvents. C. sativum seed fractions, collectedwith column chromatography with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) as solvent showed most effectiveantimicrobial activity against all Gram positive andGram negative bacteria tested (8). Thephytochemical analysis suggested the presenceof bioactive compounds as diverse as flavanoids,glycosides, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. Thepresent study indicates the strong possibility ofexploring C. sativum CCl 4extract as potentialantimicrobial source for future drug developmentand to combat the emerging threat of antibioticresistance in microbes (9). All the antimicrobialagents were modeled and minimized underphysiological conditions with VlifeMDS. Thesemolecules can be used for further analysis todesign in the form of drugs.MethodologyC. sativum plant seed extract was appliedon various nine bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcusepidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia sp, Proteusvulgaris) and one fungal strain (Candidaalbicans) to determine antimicrobial activity.Several phytochemical tests were carried out toascertain the presence of the active chemicalconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides,terpenoids, steroids and flavanoids, reducing sugarand tannin by standard procedures (10). TheKirby-Bauer and Strokes method was foundsuitable for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, withthe Kirby Bauer method being recommended bythe NCCLS (National Committee for ClinicalLaboratory Standards). Single isolated colonyfrom each bacterial species was used for theinoculation of flask containing 20 ml nutrient brothmedium. The flask was incubated at 200 rpm inthe incubated shaker at 37 0 C for 24 hrs. Overnightgrown culture was used for the disc diffusionassay. The zone of inhibition was measured usinga scale. In the final step of analysis, CCl 4fractionwas analyzed by Gas chromatography Massspectrometry (GC/MS) method. GC analyseswere carried out on a Varian 300 GC with a DB-5 fused column (25 m×0.25 mm; film thickness0.25 µm). The operating condition were asfollows: Carrier gas was helium with a flow rateof 1.5 ml/min, the oven temperature wasprogrammed 5 min. isothermal at 60° C then from60 to 280°C at 3°C/min, injector and detectortemperature were set at 280° C.GC/MS was runon a Finnegan MAT Incos-50 instrument and theDB-5 capillary column and the GC conditionswere the same as above. Mass spectrometerconditions were as follows: Ionization potential:70eV ionization current: 2A source temperature:150°C; resolution: 1000. Antimicrobial compoundsof C. sativum were collected based on retentiontime and analyzed based on molecular weight.Molecular structural mining was done withVenkateswara Swamy et al