full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (1) 1029-1037 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1035petroleum ether. Among the 20 trees tested withboth the solvents in three different temperatures(Table 1) BT8 (42.6), BT10 (42.6) and BT20(42.2) recorded high oil yield with petroleum etherat 50 0 C. Seed protein, Azadirachtin and seedweight were differed significantly among the treesgrowing in Black soil. Of the 20 trees screenedfor these parameters, BT20 (2800), BT1 (2700)and BT13 (2632) contained high Azadirachtin(Table 4). The tree designated as BT20 has beenidentified as a good oil yielding tree apart fromcontaining higher Azadirachtin content (Table 4).Similar trend was also observed in the treesgrowing in red soil. In ethanol extracts obtainedat 40 0 C and 50 0 C, the oil yield and iodine valuerecorded non significantly. Among the 20 treestested with two solvents at different temperatures,RT9 (40.8), RT7 and RT11 (40.5) recorded highoil yield with petroleum ether at 50 0 C. Oil yieldof trees grown in sandy soil is nonsignificant withpetroleum ether at 50 0 C, and with ethanol at allthe temperatures. Acid value of sandy soil treesis significant in petroleum ether extracts at 30 0 C,40 0 C and 50 0 C, but it is insignificant in ethanolextracts at 40 0 C and 50 0 C. Peroxide valuediffered significantly among the trees of sandysoil in petroleum ether extracts at 30 0 C and 40 0 Cand in ethanol extracts at 40 0 C, and iodine valuediffered significantly in both solvent extractsobtained at all temperatures except with ethanolat 40 0 C.The study envisaged that the neem treesgrowing in three soil types differed significantlyamong themselves in oil yield and quality. It wasclearly evident that all the twenty trees growingin a black soil are found superior when comparedto the trees growing in red and sandy soilssuggesting that black soil supports the trees forexpression of their full genetic potential (Table5).Acid, peroxide and iodine values of oilcontent are used as indicators of oil quality. Inthe present study the Acid, peroxide values wereincreased with increasing temperature in all thetress of different soils. Acid value represents theamount of free fatty acid present in oil. Henceincrease in acid value with the increases oftemperatures might be due to increased rate ofhydrolysis of neem oil into free fatty acid andglycerol by lipase enzyme (10, 11, 14, and 15).Peroxide value, depends on the levels ofaldehydes, ketones and their oxidation, might resultin rancidity, it was observed to be increasing withincreased temperatures there by causing the oilto turn rancid, which reflected its status ofpreservation (17, 18). Iodine value is an indicatorfor determining the quality of oil particularly withrespect to the amount of unsaturated fatty acidsin the oil (16). The decrease in iodine valueindicating the presence of less unsaturated fattyacids with increasing temperature. Similar resultsof increased acid and peroxide values anddecreased iodine values were observed at highertemperature by many workers (19, 20).Among the two solvents used for extractionof neem oil, petroleum ether was found to be aVariations in quantity and quality of neemoil
Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (1) 1029-1037 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1036better solvent and it is suggested as a good solventfor extraction of neem oil. Among the trees grownin three soil types, black soil grown trees areproved to be higher oil yielding trees, and the treenumbered as BT20 recorded higher oil yieldcoupled with high Azadirachtin content indicatingthe need for its conservation studies.ConclusionBased on physicochemical analysis, it canbe concluded that the increasing temperature hasdecreased iodine value but increased the acid andperoxide values suggesting that even though theoil yield was more at high temperatures, extractingoil at these temperatures was not advisablebecause it affects the oil quality. Among thedifferent trees grown in three soil types black soiltrees are proved to be higher oil yielding trees,and the tree numbered as BT 20 recorded higheroil yield coupled with high azadirachtin contentindicating the need for conservation of this treetype. Of the two solvents used for extraction ofneem oil, petroleum ether was found to be a bettersolvent.AcknowledgementsFinancial assistance from Department ofBiotechnology, Ministry of Science andTechnology, New Delhi is gratefullyacknowledged.References1. Puri, H. S. (1999). Neem –The divine tree.Hardwood Academic Publishers.Singapore.pp 9-232. Govindachari, T. R. (1992). Chemical andBiological investigations on Azadirachtaindica (The Neem Tree). Current Science63: 117-122.3. Butterworth, J. H. and Morgan, E. D.(1960). Isolation and structural studies on alocust feeding inhibitor from neem seeds.Ph.D thesis, University of Keele, UK.4. Schroeder, R. and Nakanishi, K. (1987). Asimplified isolation procedure for azdirachtin.Journal of Natural Products. 50: 241-244.5. Henderson, R., McCrindle, R., Overton, K.H. and Matera, A. (1964). Salannin.Tetrahedron lett. 52:3969-39746. Lavie, D. and Jain, M.K. (1967).Tetranotriterpenoids from Melia azadirachL. Chem. Commum.,pp 278-280.7. Zanno, P.R., Miara,E.,Nakanaishi, K. andElder, D.L. (1975). Structure of the insectphagorepellent azadirachtin ,application ofPRFT/CWD carbon 13 nuclear magneticresonance. Journal of American ChemicalSociety. 97:1975-1977.8. Biswas, S.A.S., Singh, P. and Chandra, S.(1995). Neem (Azadirachta indicaA.juss)-A versatile multipurpose tree. Indianfor.,121:1057-10609. Johnson, S. Margon, E. D. and Peiris. C.N. (1996). Development of the MajorTriterpenoids andoil in the Fruit and Seeds of Neem(Azadirachta indica). Journal of AnnalsBotany. 78: 383-388.10. Kaushik, N. and Vir. S. (2000). Variationsin fatty acid composition of neem seedscollected from the Rajasthan state of India;Biochemical Society Transactions. 28:6.11. Schmutterer, H. (1990). Properties andpotential of natural pesticides from the neemtree, Azadirachta indica. Ann. Rev.Entomol.35, 271-29712. Ubel, E.C., Warthen, J.D.J. and Jacobson,M. (1979). Preparative reversed phaseliquid chromatographic isolation ofazadirachtin from neem kernels. Journal ofLiquid Chromatogra.2:875-882.Satyanandam et al
Page 3 and 4:
ISSN 0973-8916Current Trends inBiot
Page 5 and 6:
Current Trends in Biotechnology and
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20: Current Trends in Biotechnology and
Page 69: Current Trends in Biotechnology and
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123:
show all

full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?