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Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (1) 1004-1010 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1009shoot regeneration ability from the callus tissueswhen the medium was supplemented with morethan 2%. Higher sucrose (4%) in the mediumalong with 0.1 mg/l NAA + 2.5 mg/l BAP showed85% frequency of shoot regeneration in thepresent study. But, 6% sucrose drasticallyreduced the shoot forming ability. So, inParthenium, the concentration of glutamine andsucrose in the medium greatly affected the shootregenerating ability. Increase in the age of thecallus decreased the percent frequency of shootregeneration.Zavala et al (23) reported the formationof roots from callus cultures on a solid mediumcontaining inositol (1-2 mg/l) or inositol and caseinhydrolysate (1 mg/l), and different concentrationsof 2,4-D, KN or NAA. Differentiation of rootswas also shown from callus tissues grown on MSmedium containing 0.1 mg/l each of 2,4-D, BAPand kinetin or 2,4-D and 6-dimethylallylaminopurine (24). In the present study, MS mediumcontaining 0.5 mg/l IAA or NAA was the bestfor root initiation of shoots grown in dark andincrease in the concentration of 2,4-D from 0.02mg/l to 0.08 mg/l, increased the percentage ofcultures rooting at the cut ends.References1. Foster, M.A., Flower, J.L., Kleine, L.G.,Grote, M.M. and Puppala, N. (2002).Performance of direct seeded andtransplanted guayule. Ind Crops Prod., 15:23-31.2. Foster, M.A. and Coffelet, T. (2005).Guayule agronomics: Establishment irrigatedproduction and weed control. Ind CropsProd., 22: 27-40.3. Veatch, M.E., Ray, D.T., Mau, C.J.D. andCornish, K. (2005). Growth, rubber and resinevaluation of two-year-old transgenicguayule. Ind Crops Prod., 22: 65-74.4. Y Kema, R.E. and Stutz, J.C. (1991).Isolation, identification, and pathogenecity ofFusarium Spp. from guayule in Arizona.Plant Disease. 75: 736–738.5. Maren, E., Veatch –Blohm, Dennis Ray, T.and William Mc Closkey, B. (2006). Water– stress – induced changes in resin andrubber concentration and distribution ingreen house – grown guayule. Agron J., 98:766-773.6. Nishimura, M.S., Emerson, R., Hata, T.,Kageyama, A., (1944). The propagation ofguayule from cuttings. American Journal ofBotany. 31: 412-419.7. Archer, B.L., Audley , B.G., (1973). InPhytochemistry (Nord, F., and Miller, L.,Eds) Vol 2, pp. 310-343, Van Nostrand ReinHold, New York.8. Backhaus, R.A. (1985). Rubber formationin plants: a mini review. Isr J Bot, 34: 283-293.9. Zhiqiang Pan, Francis Durst, Daniele WreckReichhart, Harold Gardner, W., BilalCamara, Katrina Cornish and RalphBackhaus, A. (1995). The major protein ofguayule rubber particles is a cytochromeP450: Characterization based on cDNAcloning and spectroscopic analysis of thesolubilized enzyme and its reaction products.The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270:8487–8494.10. Gomez, J.B. (1975). In Proceedings of theInternational Rubber Conference. Vol. 2. pp.143-164, Rubber research institute ofMalaya, Kualampur.11. Jeong Kim, Stephen B. Ryu., Yeon SigKwak., Hunseung Kang., (2004). A novelcDNA from Parthenium argentatum Grayenhances the rubber biosynthetic activity inMaruthi Rao et al
Current Trends in Biotechnology and PharmacyVol. 5 (1) 1004-1010 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)1010vitro. Journal of Experimental Botany J ExpBot., 55: 377-385.12. Mooir Broek, H. and Cornish, K. (2000).Alternative sources of natural rubber – minireview. Applied Microbiology andBiotechnology. 53: 355-365.13. Ehrler, W.L., Bucks, D.A. and Nakayama,F.S. (1985). Relations among relative leafwater content, growth, and rubberaccumulation in guayule. Crop Sci., 25: 779-782.14. Nakayama, F.S. and Bucks, D.A. (1984).Crop water stress index, soil water, andrubber yield relations for the guayule plant.Agron. J., 76: 791-794.15. Tipton, J.L. (1988). Drought and salinitystress effects on guayule seedlingemergence. J Amer Soc Hort Sci., 113: 129-133.16. Nakayama, F.S., Bucks, D.A., Roth, R.L.and Gardner, B.R. (1991). Guayule biomassproduction under irrigation. BioresourseTechnol., 35: 173-178.17. Subramanian, V. and Subba Rao, P.V.(1980). In vitro culture of the allergenicweed Parthenium hysterophorus L. PlantSci Lett, 17: 269-277.18. Zavala, M.E., Biesboer, D.D. and Mahlberg,P.G. (1980). Abstract: 3rd InternationalGuayule Conference, Pasadena, California.19. Dhar, A.C., Kavi Kishor, P.B. and Rao, A.M.(1989). In vitro propagation of guayule(Parthenium argentatum) – a rubberyielding shrub. Plant Cell Reports. 8: 489-492.20. Murashige, T., Skoog, F., (1962). A revisedmedium for rapid growth and bioassays withtobacco tissue cultures. PhysiologiaPlantarum. 15: 473-497.21. Arreguin, B. and Bonner J. (1950). Thebiochemistry of rubber formation in theguayule. II. Rubber formation in aseptictissue cultures. Arch Biochem, 26: 178-186.22. Wickham, K., Rodriquez, E. and Arditti, J.(1980). Comparative phytochemistry ofParthenium hysterophorus L. (Compositae)tissue cultures. Bot Gaz. 141: 435-439.23. Dastoor, M.N., Schubert, W.W. andPetersen, G.R. (1981). Preliminary resultsof in vitro propagation of guayule. J AgrFood Chem., 29: 686-688.24. Staba, E.J. and Nygaard, B.G. (1983). Invitro culture of guayule. Z pflanzen Physiol,109: 371-378.Regeneration in Parthenium argentatum
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