Current Trends in <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong>Vol. 5 (1) 998-1003 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)10039. Saadoun, I., Wahiby, L., Ababneh, Q.,Jaradat, Z., Massadeh, M. <strong>and</strong> AL-Momani,F. (2008). Recovery <strong>of</strong> soil streptomycetesfrom arid habitats in Jordan <strong>and</strong> theirpotential to inhibit multi-drug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens.World Journal <strong>of</strong> Microbiology <strong>and</strong><strong>Biotechnology</strong> 24, 157-162.10. Sahin, N. (2003). Investigation <strong>of</strong> theantimicrobial activity <strong>of</strong> some Streptomycesisolates. Turkish Journal <strong>of</strong> Biology 27, 79-84.11. Shirling, E.B., <strong>and</strong> Gottlieb, D. (1966).Methods for characterization <strong>of</strong>Strptomyces species. International Journal<strong>of</strong> Systematic Bacteriology 16, 313-340.12. Takizawa, M., Colwell, R.R. <strong>and</strong> Hill, R.T.(1993). Isolation <strong>and</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong>actinomycetes in the Chesapeake Bay.Applied <strong>and</strong> Environmental Microbiology 59,997-1002.Ismail Saadoun <strong>and</strong> Mohammad alawawdeh
Current Trends in <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong>Vol. 5 (1) 1004-1010 January 2011. ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)Effect <strong>of</strong> Growth regulators, Sucrose <strong>and</strong> Glutamine on ShootRegeneration from Node Derived Callus Cultures <strong>of</strong> Rubberyielding species - Parthenium argentatumA. Maruthi Rao 1 , I. Sampath Kumar 1 , P. Sri Laxmi 2 , P. Maheshwari Rao 2 , P. HimaKumari 2 , S. Anil Kumar 2 D. Madhavi 2 , E. Venu Madhav 3 <strong>and</strong> P. B. Kavi Kishor 2*1Plant <strong>Biotechnology</strong> Research Lab, Department <strong>of</strong> Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad 503 322, India2Department <strong>of</strong> Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India3Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biotechnology</strong>, Achayra Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, - 522 510, India*For correspondence - pbkavi@yahoo.com1004AbstractThe nodal explants <strong>of</strong> guayule(Parthenium argentatum Gray) when culturedon Murashige <strong>and</strong> Skoog’s (MS) medium fortifiedwith different concentrations <strong>of</strong> kinetin (KN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-D + BAP,napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) <strong>and</strong> NAA + BAPproduced callus t<strong>issue</strong>s <strong>and</strong> few shoots. Thepercent frequency <strong>of</strong> callus was around 90% with0.5 mg/l BAP <strong>and</strong> NAA. The high frequencyshoot regeneration from the node derived callus<strong>of</strong> guayule was observed when MS medium wassupplemented with BAP, NAA + BAP withvarying concentrations <strong>of</strong> sucrose. Sucrose at 3-4% levels increased the number <strong>of</strong> shoots formed(12-15) per 250 mg <strong>of</strong> callus. Glutamine at 200mg/l level further enhanced the number <strong>of</strong> shootsformed (22-25) per callus mass. The percentfrequency <strong>of</strong> shoot regeneration from callust<strong>issue</strong>s was high (88%) when the medium wasfortified with 0.1 mg/l NAA + 2.5 mg/l BAP, 200mg/l glutamine <strong>and</strong> 2% sucrose. The ability <strong>of</strong>the callus t<strong>issue</strong>s <strong>of</strong> guayule remained more orless same for shoot regeneration over a period <strong>of</strong>200 days; but decreased thereafter. Shoots rootedwith 15 to 75% frequency <strong>and</strong> the whole plantswhen transferred to pots survived with 60%frequency.Key words : Callus cultures, plant regeneration,guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray).IntroductionParthenium argentatum Gray belongs tothe family Asteraceae <strong>and</strong> is a highly branchedperennial shrub, which at maturity ranges from0.3 to 1.0 m in height <strong>and</strong> 0.6 to 1.2 m in width (1,2, 3, 4). It is a native <strong>of</strong> the Chihuahuan desertwith a natural history <strong>of</strong> exposure to water stress(5). Plants in the field may be established fromnursery grown seedlings <strong>and</strong> cuttings (6). Rubberis a macromolecular polyisoprenoid found in over2000 species (7, 8, 9). In recent years, guayulewhich accumulates rubber within the ordinarystem bark parenchyma cells <strong>and</strong> contains highmolecular mass rubbers comparable to H.brasiliensis has attracted research interest asan additional source <strong>of</strong> rubber (10, 11, 12). Themajor limitations for the commercial production<strong>of</strong> guayule rubber are its low rubber yields <strong>and</strong>inconsistent field establishment by directseedlings. This is because <strong>of</strong> susceptibility <strong>of</strong>seedlings to water <strong>and</strong> salinity stresses (13, 14,15). The decrease in rubber yield in water –stressed plants is attributed to reduced biomassproduction (13, 16). Therefore, there is a needeither to create variation in guayule or generatetransgenics which can resist water <strong>and</strong> saltRegeneration in Parthenium argentatum
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