Volume 23 - Section XII - ElectricCanadian.com

208 CANADA AND ITS PROVINCESimports from United States (1849-51), 399;growth in imports (1890-1912), 9 240-1 ;excess of imports over exports and deductions to be drawn therefrom, 242 ;Canada splace in exportation of wheat and flour, 7676 ; (1879-96), 9 178-9 ;chart (1868-1912),facing 240.Imperial Preference reciprocal tariff of:1897, 6 132-3, 9 201, 205, 206 ;denunciationof German and Belgian treaties, 6 133, 9207 ;trade conflict with Germany, 6 145 ;reciprocal tariff replaced by British preference, 9 208 ;attitude of nationalism, 6 187 ;returns showing results, 134 ; original termsand subsequent modifications, 144, 9 208 ;proposed remission of British registrationduty on colonial wheat, 6 144 ;Chamberlain s Tariff Reform campaign, 9 208-9, 211 ;causes of protectionistrevival in GreatBritain, 209-10 ;attitude of Canada toChamberlain s policy, 210-11 ;its deteat atthe polls, 6 144-5 ;Canada s conditionaloffer to increase British preference, 9 212 ;attitude of colonial conferences, 212-13 ;extension of Canadian preferenceto Britishcolonies, 213-15.Relations with United States : left unsettled by Treaty of Versailles, 4 533-4;British regulations (1783-94), 533-47 ;actsof 1784 and 1785 and orders-in-council(1785, 1786) prohibiting trade by sea, 534;imports prohibited into Province of Quebec,534 ;orders-in-council intended to establishmonopoly in carrying trade, 536-7 ;establishment of freer relations, 545 and n. ;afterJay s Treaty, 553-6 ; after treaty of 1815,564-5 ;value of Upper Canada s trade withUnited States (1797), 552 ;a trade struggle,682-7 ; Upper Canada assembly petition forprotection in agricultural products, 5 190 ;act imposing duty on American wheat(1842), 193 ;act reserved by governor, 193 ;illicit importations of tea, 198-9 ; attemptto make Middle West commercial adjunctof Canada, 210-11 ; questions at issue in1870, 9 125-6 ; protest against acceptanceof Washington Treaty, 126 ;an era offriction, 156-71 ;the tin can war, 157 ;transportation problems, 160-2 commercial;union and unrestricted reciprocity, 162-71 ;an era of neighbourliness, 215-18 ;international traffic rates, 220; Payne- AldrichTariff, 220-4, 6 176 ;table summarizingcommercial negotiations with United Stateson fisheries, transportation, markets, andtariffs (1854-1911), facing 9 126. See alsoBering Sea Dispute; Boundary Disputes;Jay s Treaty North Atlantic Coast Fishery;Disputes; Reciprocity ; Washington Treaty.Foreign commercial relations : abandonment by Great Britain of power to shapeCanadian policy, 172 ;adherence of colonieswith foreign countries conceded, and subsequent treaty negotiations, 175-7 ; powergiven to colonies to withdraw from treatiesnegotiated thereafter between Great Britainand other Powers (1899), 233; status ofCanadian representativesin negotiatingtreaty with France (1907), 234; conductand full control of commercial negotiationsconceded, 234-5 ; quasi-diplomatic statusaccorded to consuls-general of foreign powers,235 ; beginnings of Canadian consular service,235 ;tariff war with Germany, 235-6 ; treatyextensions with France, 236-8 ; agreementswith other European powers, 238 ; treatywith Japan (1907, 1911), 238; provisionalagreement with Italy, 238 ;elaboratenessof Canadian tariff as a fiscal weapon, 238.Foreign Trade effect of expansion of:transportation facilities on, 171 ; expansion(1896-1912), 238-42; increases in productsof farm, sea, mine, and forest, 239 ;manufactures, 239-40 ;chief markets abroad,240 ;relative position of Great Britain andUnited States in Canada s exports andimports, 240-1 ;increase since Confederation, 281.Merger era : increasing specializationbrought about by expansion of markets, 258 ;self-sufficient industries and subsidiary businesses, 258 ; localizing of industries, 258-9 ;combinations among producers and distributors, 259 ; arguments in favour of consolidation, 259 ; profits of promotion chiefaim of mergers, 259-60 ; principal industrialcombinations (1909, 1910, 1911) with capitalizations, 260-1 ; light and power, lakeand river navigation, railroad, ocean steamship, and banking amalgamations, 261-2 ;evils of merger epidemic, 262-3 conflict of;jurisdiction in chartering of companies, 263 ;need for amended regulation of public companies, 263 ; enactments in restraint ofcombines and their defects, 263-4.Trades and Labour Congress of Canada. Historyof (1886-1912), 9 300-4 ;table of delegatesin attendance (1900-12), with number,membership, and total revenue of unions inaffiliation, 302 ;its influence on legislation,303 ;and oversupplying of labour market,303 ;its successful appeal to Privy Council,303 ;and feud between Knights of Labourand American Federation of Labour, 308-9 ;its primary aim, 325 ;its difficulties, 326 ;method and basis of affiliation, 127-8 ;aloofness of railway unions from, 328-9 ;number of international unions representedin, 329 ;functions of, 329-30 ;in its relations with American Federation of Labour,330-3.Traill, Catharine Parr (1802-99). Sketch of,12 543-4 ;her Canadian novels and naturebooks, 544, 17 80.to British commercial treaties made op Transportation. Number of men engaged in,tional, 172 treaties ; prior to 1877 still bind during last decade of French rule, 5ing, 172 most-favoured-nation treatment, cheaper by St Lawrence and Lakes than by;173 ;denunciation of Belgian and German overland route from Albany, 4 551 ; retreaties, 173, 233 ; negative control by veto spective cost by Canadian and Americanpower, 173-5 ; positive share in negotiationsroutes (1843), 5 194; development not