Volume 23 - Section XII - ElectricCanadian.com

GENERAL INDEX207Montreal and via New York (1844-47), 5226 ; as influenced by geological conditions,9 72-5 ;and by geography, 96 ; individualand state initiative, 95-6 ;development inBritish Columbia at Confederation, 103 ;depression of 1867-68, 135 ; prosperity of1869-73, 135-6 ; commercial stagnation of1873-79, 137-9 ; excessive increase in numberof middlemen in Canada, 138 ; relativeinfluence and position of Great Britain andUnited States in Canadian trade, 101-2,178-9 ;over-importations, 138 ; right ofdiscrimination in favour of one British colonyagainst another conceded, 174 ; discrimination against United Kingdom in favour of aforeign country opposed by Colonial Office,174-5 ;inter-imperial trade encouraged,213; Canada s widespread prosperity, 270;enhanced cost and rising standard of livingand their causes, 271-2 ; growth of inequality and rise of discontent, 273 ; individualistic tone of industrial life, 273 ;need for civic spirit, 274 ;accomplishmentsince Confederation, 274 ;co-operationamong consumers and producers, 266-7 ;success of credit system in Quebec, 266 ;increase in coasting trade since Confederation, 2^1 ; public ownership of publicutilities, 264 ; utilities controlled or operated by governments or municipalities, 265 ;suggested solution by regulation of publicutilities, 265-6; prosperity chart (1867-1911), facing 192. See also Navigation Acts.Tariffs chief sources of revenue in New:France, 2 462 n. ; revenue taxes, 482 ;farming of revenue, 482-3 ; first regulardrawn up, (1748) 512-13; (1766) 4 494,(1774) 496; increase in tariff on wine inLower Canada and its yield (1793), 501changes (1795), 501 ; dependence of UpperCanada on Lower Canada for levying dutieson imports, 3 295 ;proportion of revenueobtained by Upper Canada (1791-1840),295 ; revenue tariff of Lower Canada (1795),4 501 ; United States impose tariff on goodscoming from Canada, 552 ; under treaty of15, 564-5 ; British preference on colonialtimber, 568-9 ;proposed enlargement ofBritish preference for wheat and flour 5190; schedule (1841), 169; duties on provisions (1843), 169; differential duties imposed on goods imported by inland routes,211 ; opposition to differential duties, 211-12214 ; revisions (1845, 1847, 1849), 169 \Gladstone s objection to their incidence, 133 .-increase of Canadian duties after adoptionof free trade, 196 ; collision between colonialand imperial trade policy, 134 ; movementin favour of protection, 233 ;steady growthsince Union, 233 fiscal ;policy (1866), 9134-5; changes (1858-74), 6 78-9; fiscalpolicy of Vancouver Island, 21 105 ; firstimport duties of British Columbia, 151 n. ;adoption of Canadian tariff in British Columbia, 182.National Policy: effect of abolition ofprotection in Great Britain in advancing, 17249 and n. ; Gait claims economic freedomfor Canada (1859), 5 79-80; policy of incidental protection summarized by Hinckg,9 133 ; Canada as a slaughter market,139, 141-2 ; manufacturers favour closedmarket for products and open market forraw materials, 139-40 and n. ;necessity ofpreserving home market, 141 ; opening ofUnited States market regarded as betterthan protected home market, 143-4 ; reciprocity of trade or reciprocity of tariffs,144; what it promised, 144-5; argumentsof low tariff advocates, 145-6; stages frommoderate and incidental protection toNational Policy, 146-8 ; Maritime Provincesopposed to high tariff, 6 79 ; protectionistplanks in Canada First and Rouge platforms,80 ; not at first a party question, 80 ; conservatives favour protective and liberalsrevenue tariff, 81 ; Mackenzie s attitude,79, 81 ; Macdonald s resolution (1878) 82firstbudget (1879), 87; firstbudget occasions complaints in England, 88, 9 174 ;attitude of liberal party, 6 121-2 ; revivalof prosperity, 9 148 ; duties of 1881, 153-4 ;its early success as revenue producer, 154 ;tariff fluctuations, 154-5 ; duties fixed inproportion to amount of labour involved inproduction, 156 ; an example of classlegislation, 155 ; reductions effected byThompson (1894), 6 122; reduction ofduties (1897), 132-3; liberalwith compromiseprotection, 9 200-3; manufacturerscampaign of 1902 and farmers counterblast,202 ; tariff commission of 1905-6, 202features of tariff(1906-7), 202; antidumping duty, 203 ; and Canadian development, 204-5 ; its influence on political life,205 ;its elaborateness and variety as a fiscalinstrument, 238.Bounties :bounty offered on each vesselof two hundred tons built in colony (1731),2 509 ; system in iron and steel industriesLo o~ 6; renewed (^97), and extended, 201,202-3 total ;expenditure (1901-10), 203.Imports and Exports:prohibition of^Ports, 2 463 ;exports and imports (1670),474 ;exports exceed imports in 1741 forfirst and only time during French regime,1; importation offood-stuffs, 510-11;export of provisions prohibited (1755) 2?oL ^6at e^orts ; (c-1754) 15 55, (1773,1802, 1855, and 1910) 7 653 ; wheatfrom exportsRichelieu River district, 15 190-1exports from Quebec during RevolutionaryWar, 4 533 n. ; grain exports (1771), 529export of food products forbidden533 (1779-80);export of flour instead of wheat desiredby Dorchester s committee on trade, 540and n.; imports of tobacco and potash fromUnited States permitted (1787), 545; missible perexports to and imports from United.tates, 546 ; value of British goods passingthrough Canada to United States (1797),55 1 ; value of exports and imports to and fromUnited States (1797), 555; Upper Canadaexports and imports, (1797) 555-6, (1801)567; decline (1841-43), 10 372; importsat Quebec (1841, 1851), 399; increase in