ENGINEERINGway capable of taking a B747.“As well, this big wing will have a verylow wing loading with simple, lighter, highliftdevices such as single slot flaps. Evenwith these, the approach speed of such ananimal is the same as a Dragonair A321flying into Hong Kong,” said Lafontan, aqualified A320, A330, A340 captain himselfwith 14,000 hours under his belt, mainlygained during test pilot duties.Reduction in the size of the horizontaltailplane (HTP) to ensure proper liftafter the centre of gravity wasadjusted meant less weight,even though it is still the sizeof an A321 wing. But, whilethis reduces fuel burn, it addedstrains elsewhere.“When you do that you needto make sure you have very good architectureof flight control and everywhere the aircraftis stable.“We performed some testing on anA340. We found a very good flight controlstructure. It enabled us to reduce the HTP alittle bit and reduce the size and weight ofthe plane,” said Lafontan.The entire centre of gravity, in fact, wasmoved 6% aft after two test flight campaignsand numerous laboratory and simulatortests.‘Double-deckers are not a mystery. You see thiskind of operation in Hong Kong. The buses aredouble-deckers, the boats are double-deckers.The first time I went to Hong Kong for the A3XX,I took pictures and used them for presentations.’Robert Lafontanmitted through smaller piping and hydrauliccomponents, shaving about one tonneoff the aircraft’s waist line while at the sametime improving its maintainability.He moved on to the dual architecture forthe flight control system, one using conventionalhydraulics, the other electro-hydraulicsfrom the generator: in an emergencyone system is likely to keep running.Lafontan then detailed the extensiveemployment of carbons and light alloys,especially the innovative laminate GLARE,Lafontan mentioned too the use ofcurved walls for the forward pressure bulkheadthat clipped 800 kilograms off theA380’s weight. The dash to change theengine design and increase lift at takeoffafter London Heathrow’s new noiserequirements threw a cloud over its launchdeal with Singapore Airlines.Next on his list was the use of 5,000pounds per square inch, instead of the usual3,000 pounds, for the A380’s hydraulicssystems, which allows power to be transwhichhave helped the A380 stay as trim aspossible, considering its size, while at thesame time increasing its efficiency and durability.Some 40% of its structure and componentsare made of carbon composites andadvanced metallic materials.Eight hundred kilograms have been savedthrough the use of GLARE – made fromalternating layers of aluminium and glassfibrereinforced adhesive – for the upperfuselage shell.Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)was brought in for the centre wingbox, saving one and a half tonneswhen compared to aluminiumalloys. It is also being used onupper deck floor beams, the verticaltailplane (see separate story)and the rear pressure bulkhead.Laser welding on the lower shelf, frontsection and panel and expanded use of titanium,particularly for the landing gear,have also helped. But all this took time, andpatience, Lafontan said.“When you have such a big aircraft,you need to optimise, section by section, asmuch as you can. That’s the reason why wedon’t have only one material for the fuselage.We have tried to take the best fromeach through a reasonable industrial compromise,”he said.A cockpit for thePlay Station generationThe A380 flight deckRobert Lafontan, as a pilot himself, although now mainly asa weekend enthusiast flying helicopters and turboprops,was keen to point out the advances in the A380’s cockpit,the widest on an aircraft in current production.It’s a fly-by-wire system, of course, and instrumentation is compatiblewith the Airbus family, meaning pilots can transfer withonly short preparation. They will be using advanced cursor devices– track balls – to move between screens, utilising a fully-integratedavionics system, fully networked to the flight management system.The track balls were introduced with the future in mind. “Somefuture pilots of the A380 are teenagers or even children who haven’tbeen born yet,” said Lafontan, referring to the possible 50-yearlifespan of the aircraft. “Take a 60-year-old pilot, he doesn’t usethese things. But children use Nintendo and Play Station. You haveto take that into consideration and design a cockpit for 50 years.“This is the first time any airliner has used interconnectivity tomove from different items on the same screen or to move amongdifferent screens.”Added vertical displays at the base of the navigation displayunits give room for information on flight trajectory to go with landingand route charts. “The paperless cockpit is very important,” saidLafontan. “Today a pilot has to look up seven books to find the minimumaltitude he can fly. It looks like a small thing, but it’s a bigadvantage.”Moving maps of airport layouts can also be displayed, takingsome of the strain off pilots finding their way in bad or foggyweather. “It’s happened to me. It’s happened to any pilot,” saidLafontan. “You have to be careful not to lose track. It’s very difficultat an airport during bad weather.“Flying the aircraft is OK, but these big birds are better in the airthan they are on the ground.”16 ORIENT AVIATION / A380 Quarterly Update JUNE – AUGUST 2005
AIRPORTSTOUCHDOWNAirports in Asia are well prepared for the arrival of the A380,but questionmarks remain over the readiness of othersBy Charles AndersonWilly-Pierre Duponthas lostc ou nt of t h enumber of flightshe has taken inthe course of his working life. He estimatesit is more than 2,000, but therehas been little glamour in his travel onbehalf of Airbus. Often, the ToulousebasedFrenchman has not gone muchfurther than the airport at which helanded.Over the last 10 years, this veteranof the A380 development programme– he goes back to A3XX days– has spent much of his time makingsure the giant airplane he helped pioneercan be accommodated at airportsworldwide, either through the way itwas designed or via changes airportsneed to make.Airlines and airports told Airbusright from the start that its planned‘super jumbo’ had to fit into the shoesof a Boeing 747. It must be able to landand take off from the same stretchesof tarmac. Not only that, it could notexceed the dimensions of a “Code F”plane – the limit on size decreedby the International Civil <strong>Aviation</strong>Organisation (ICAO) and AirportsCouncil International (ACI) for the biggestcommercial airplanes that airports can currentlyhandle. And, as it has turned out, theydon’t come any bigger than the A380.On a more everyday level, there werepractical details to hammer out, fromground servicing requirements and gatewayaccess to basics such as how to get 555 passengersand the food they will eat on boardand what kind of vehicle is needed to tow a290-tonne plane into position.As director, infrastructure and environmentfor the A380 programme, Dupont hasWilly-Pierre Dupont, director, infrastructureand environment, for the A380 programme:a walking compendium on airportsplayed a major role in finding the answers.And with that number of visits under hisbelt, he is a walking compendium on whichairports will be ready for the A380 by thetime it is due to come their way.The Asia-Pacific region, with manyfacilities planned and built in the last 15years, comes out well, often with work onlyneeded on runway and taxiway shoulders,sometimes at terminal gateways and occasionallyon baggage carousels. Elsewhere,particularly in old-style facilities in theU.S, more major problems have needed tobe overcome and concerns have beenexpressed that some will not be readyon time.International airports in HongKong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur,Sydney, Kansai in Japan, Shanghai’sPudong and Guangzhou’s NewBaiyun air ports in China andBangkok’s new airport, will all beable to host the A380, said Dupont,running through the list.Tokyo Narita? The airside is fine,but the single runway is a drawback.Beijing? Upgrading in time for the2008 Olympics means five to sixgates will be available for it from thatyear on.Then there is the second tier ofJakarta, Auckland, Melbourne andBrisbane. They will all be able to handlethe A380 by 2010 or earlier, maybeeven Christchurch, Perth and Cairns.The only question mark seems to beover Manila.Elsewhere, ageing airports likeLondon Heathrow, John F. Kennedy(JFK) in New York and San Franciscohave incorporated A380 requirementsinto major revamps necessary to keepthem in the top flight of airports.Much of the work would have beendone even if its new plane hadn’t comealong, Airbus argues. The proportionneeded for A380 work alone is only a fractionof the overall cost, the company says.These airports, squeezed for landingslots as their capacity runs out and sometimesrestricted by curfews, were alsoswayed by the fact that larger planes cansolve the problem of how to bring in morepeople without increasing flight numbers.“The arrival of the A380 is as importantto JFK ... as the Boeing 747 was when it wasintroduced. There’s a huge economic benefitto seeing an aircraft like that in a marketlike ours,” Bill DeCota, aviation direc-JUNE - AUGUST 2005 ORIENT AVIATION / A380 Quarterly Update 17