Apricus Solar Water Heating System Installation and Operation ...

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Apricus Solar Collector Installation & Operation Manual - USAWARNINGBlockage of temperature and/or pressure relief valves can cause serious injury, death andsubstantial property damage.c) Insulation: Tanks must be well insulated and meet minimum daily heat loss requirements stipulated byrelevant codes, regulations etc. Heat losses are particularly high if there are exposed metal ports, pipesetc. Any exposed metal on the outside of the tank should be covered with insulation material.d) Drip Pans (Trays): For tanks installed indoors, a drip pan must be installed under the tank to collect anywater that may accumulate due to leaks. The tray should ideally have a pipe that runs to a suitable drainagepoint. Follow local codes, in regards to when and where drip pans are necessary and how they can bepiped and terminatede) Refer to the manufacturer’s storage tank installation manual for more specific installation, operation,maintenance and safety information.WARNINGAlways follow tank manufacturers guidelines when installation a storage tank. Do not setcontrols in any way that can exceed the tanks set limits (temperature, pressure, etc.).Failure to do so can cause unsafe operating conditions.3.16. Hail Resistancea) Installed glass evacuated tubes are able to handle significant impact stresses once. Testing and impactstress modelling shows that the tubes are able to withstand impact from hail up to 1” (25 mm) in diameter,and even larger when installed at angle of 45° or greater. The ability of the evacuated tubes to withstandimpact from hail is greatly influenced by the angle of impact. Installing the collectors at low angles doesreduce their impact resistance.b) In areas prone to hail over 3/4” 20 mm), it is recommended that the solar collector be installed at anangle of 45° or greater to provide optimum impact resistance. Due to collector performance at manylatitudes prone to hail, this is generally a common installation angle already.c) In the unlikely case that a tube breaks, it can easily be replaced. The solar collector can still functionproperly with one or more broken tubes, however, a reduction in heat output will result (depending uponhow many tubes are broken). A broken tube should be replaced by Authorized Persons only.Refer to section 11.3 for more details on tube replacement.! Hail related damage to the collector is not eligible for warranty claims.3.17. Lightning ProtectionIt is advisable to earth-ground the copper circulation loop of the collector to avoid lightning related damage,or electrical safety issues. It may also help to prevent galvanic corrosion of the copper pipe which canresult in blue staining of basins/baths etc.3.18. Thermo-siphoninga) Thermo-siphoning (convection) can occur if the solar loop pump is off and a low outside air temp makesthe collector manifold colder than the fluid or water in the mechanical room. Thermo-siphoning occurs whenhot fluid rises up the Return Lines toward the cooler collector and external piping. After it dissipates its heatand cools, it falls back down the Supply (Feed) Line. and cooling the tank. This can occur with direct flowsystems or closed loops with a coil heat exchanger inside the tank. Thermo-siphoning only occurs whenthe collector is cooler than the tank, so normally at night. If not controlled it can cause considerable heatloss.Copyright 2011 – Apricus Inc Doc: A7-05.4.1.4-PB-1.9 Page 32 of 126
Apricus Solar Collector Installation & Operation Manual - USAThe following methods can be employed to stop thermo-siphoning:i) Normally, a check valve can be installed on the Supply (feed) Line after the pump is enough to stopthermo-siphoning. Some pumps have integral check valves, which provides the same benefit.ii) If thermo-siphoning occurs even with a check valve installed, a heat trap should be formed in thereturn line (line back from collector) close to the tank. The heat trap should be a U-shaped section ofpipe, extending downward 8-10” and then back up. Since heat rises, this downward section of pipe willtrap hot water and prevent migration of heat up the piping. This section of pipe in particular should bewell-insulated.3.19. Pressure and Temperature Control and Reliefa) Direct Flow Max Incoming Pressure: For direct flow systems, the normal operating pressure should beno greater than 72.5 psi (500 kPa), if necessary a pressure limiting (pressure reduction) valve should beinstalled on the main cold feed line.b) Closed Loop Max Incoming Pressure: For closed loop systems, the solar loop must operate at nogreater than 50 psi (350 kPa) and have an expansion tank installed to accept fluid expansion. If a singlewall heat exchanger is used, the solar loop operating pressure must be below the water main pressure. Thesolar controller should have a “max tank temp” function to protect the tank from being overheated. AllApricus controllers provide such this function as standard. Refer to section 6 for more information.c) Maximum Allowable Pressure: The maximum allowable operating pressure for the solar collector in anysystem configuration (domestic or commercial) is 116 psi (800 kPa) with pressure relief valve dischargerating at no more than 123 psi (850 kPa) or lower as specified by local codes and regulations. Also, checkthe maximum pressure ratings for all components of the system and only use products that can handle theoperational temperatures and pressures of the system design.d) Stagnation: For direct flow systems and closed loop systems with suitable heat transfer fluid, it isacceptable for the system design to allow the solar collector to stagnate (i.e. stop the pump) to preventoverheating of the storage tank above ~177°F (~80°C). An expansion tank must be properly sized andinstalled to accept the increase in fluid volume due to thermal expansion and potential steam formation, inorder to minimize or prevent release of fluid from the pressure relief valve.e) Heat Transfer Fluid: In a closed loop system, it is important to use a heat transfer fluid that is rated to atleast 320°F (160°C) to minimize fluid degradation during periods of stagnation (see above). Depending onthe pressure of the closed loop the fluid may vaporize (boil) during stagnation causing some degradation ofthe the fluid. If stagnation happens on a regular basis due to excessive heat production (heat supply >demand) or power outages, an inspection of the fluid should be completed. Contact the manufacturer formore information on how to check the fluid. Refer to Section 3.31 and Appendices 11-18 for heat transferfluid information.! System pressures that exceed those requirements outlined above will void the warranty.WARNINGFailure to safely control system pressure levels could result in the dangerous rupture orexplosion of system components. This may cause serious scalding injury and damage.3.20. Water Quality & Inspectiona) In direct flow systems, the water flowing through the manifold header must qualify as potable water andmeet the following requirements:Total dissolved solidsChlorideMagnesium< 600 p.p.m.< 250 p.p.m.< 10 p.p.m.Total hardnessFree ChlorineSodium< 200 p.p.m.< 5 p.p.m< 150 p.p.mpH 6.5 - 8.5 Electrical conductivity < 850 μS/cmb) In areas with “hard” water (>200ppm), lime scale may form inside the header pipe (direct flow), or insideCopyright 2011 – Apricus Inc Doc: A7-05.4.1.4-PB-1.9 Page 33 of 126
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